1 Samuel 20:30

“The anger of Saul burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, “Son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Do I not know that you are choosing the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of the nakedness of your mother?”

1 Samuel 20:30 · direct translation from the Hebrew
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30

1 Samuel 20:30, word by word

The angerאַףaf

anger

The rage of one who snorts; the "long of nose" is slow to become angry.

Where else “af” appears
of Saulשָׁאוּלshaul

Saul

Saul, the name of several people. The best known is the son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin, the first king of Israel. A king of Edom and a son of Simeon also bear it. It means "asked for".

Where else “shaul” appears
burnedיִּחַרyichar

be angry

For a person to feel strong anger at someone or something.

Where else “yichar” appears
against Jonathanיהוֹנָתָןyhonatan

Jonathan

Jonathan: the long form ("Jehonathan") of the same name as יוֹנָתָן; the Hebrew uses both for the same people, and this translation spells them alike. It means "YHWH has given".

Where else “yhonatan” appears
and he saidיֹּאמֶרyomer

say

To say with the mouth to someone what one thinks or wants, or to answer him.

Where else “yomer” appears
“Sonבֶּןben

son

The male born of a father and mother; in the plural, also sons and daughters.

Where else “ben” appears
of a perverseנַעֲוַתnaavat

bend

To bend what is right, or be bowed down.

Where else “naavat” appears
and rebellious womanמַּרְדּוּתmardut

rebelliousness

Rebelliousness. It appears only once (1 Samuel 20:30).

Where else “mardut” appears
knowיָדַעְתִּיyadati

know

To know something, realize.

Where else “yadati” appears
are choosingבֹחֵרvocher

choose

To take one thing and leave the others, because it is preferred.

Where else “vocher” appears
of Jesseיִשַׁיyishay

Jesse

Jesse, of Bethlehem, son of Obed and father of King David.

Where else “yishay” appears
to your own shameבָשְׁתְּvasht

shame

The shame one suffers, or what causes it.

Where else “vasht” appears
of the nakednessעֶרְוַתervat

nakedness

Nakedness; the private parts of the body; figuratively, shame. Seeing another's nakedness was a grave lack of respect.

Where else “ervat” appears
of your motherאִמֶּime

mother

The woman who gives birth to and raises her children, and who is owed honor.

Where else “ime” appears

Translation note

It can be understood as an insult aimed at Jonathan, not as an accusation against his mother. “Your mother’s nakedness”: the one who gave birth to you.

The context

29He said, ‘Let me go, please, for we have a family sacrifice in the city, and my brother himself has commanded me; and now, if I have found favor in your eyes, let me escape, please, and see my brothers.’ Therefore he has not come to the table of the king.”

30 · This verse (above)

31For all the days that the son of Jesse lives on the ground, you will not be established, nor your kingdom. And now, send and bring him to me, for he deserves death.”

Read all of 1 Samuel 20

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