Then the Ziphitesוַ זִפִיםwent upיַּעֲלוּtoאֶלSaulשָׁאוּלat Gibeah,הַגִּבְעָתָהsaying,לֵאמֹר“Is notהֲלוֹאDavidדָוִדhidingמִסְתַּתֵּרamong usעִמָּנוּin the strongholdsבַמְּצָדוֹתat Horesh,בַּחֹרְשָׁהon the hillבְּגִבְעַתof Hachilah,הַחֲכִילָהwhichאֲשֶׁרis to the southמִימִיןof the wasteland?הַיְשִׁימוֹן
1 Samuel 23:19
Study it in the app“Then the Ziphites went up to Saul at Gibeah, saying, “Is not David hiding among us in the strongholds at Horesh, on the hill of Hachilah, which is to the south of the wasteland?”
With the Hebrew beneath
1 Samuel 23:19, word by word
- Then the Ziphitesזִפִיםzifim
Ziphite
Ziphite: an inhabitant of Ziph, a town in the hill country of Judah. The Ziphites twice told Saul where David was (1 Samuel 23:19; 26:1).
Where else “zifim” appears- went upיַּעֲלוּyaalu
go up
To go from a low place to a higher one: up the mountain, to Jerusalem or to a city.
Where else “yaalu” appears- Saulשָׁאוּלshaul
Saul
Saul, the name of several people. The best known is the son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin, the first king of Israel. A king of Edom and a son of Simeon also bear it. It means "asked for".
Where else “shaul” appears- at Gibeahגִּבְעָתָgivata
Gibeah
Gibeah: the name of several towns; it means "hill."
Where else “givata” appears- sayingאמֹרmor
say
To say with the mouth to someone what one thinks or wants, or to answer him.
Where else “mor” appears- Davidדָוִדdavid
David
David, youngest son of Jesse, of Bethlehem; the second king of Israel. The name means "beloved."
Where else “david” appears- hidingמִסְתַּתֵּרmistater
hide
To put someone or something out of sight, to keep it safe or to flee.
Where else “mistater” appears- in the strongholdsמְּצָדוֹתmetsadot
stronghold
Stronghold: a high place, hard to reach, that serves as a refuge.
Where else “metsadot” appears- at Horeshחֹרְשָׁהchorsha
thicket, Horesh
Thicket, wood. In 1 Samuel 23 it may be a place name ("Horesh") or mean "the thicket".
Where else “chorsha” appears- on the hillגִבְעַתgivat
hill
Hill.
Where else “givat” appears- of Hachilahחֲכִילָהchachila
Hachilah
Hachilah: a hill in the wilderness of Judah, near Ziph, where David hid from Saul.
Where else “chachila” appears- is to the southימִיןymin
south
The south side, which lies to the right of one facing east.
Where else “ymin” appears- of the wastelandיְשִׁימוֹןyeshimon
wasteland
Wasteland, desolation: desert land with no inhabitants.
Where else “yeshimon” appears
Translation note
“To the south” is literally “to the right” (facing east). Psalm 54 bears this episode in its title.
The context
18The two of them made a covenant before YHWH; David stayed at Horesh, and Jonathan went to his house.
19 · This verse (above)
20Now, according to all the desire of your soul, O king, to come down, come down; and our part will be to deliver him into the hand of the king.”