1 Samuel 1:10–18

In its context

Its words in the original

• מָרַתmarat· bitter

  Bitter; bitterness; bitterly.

• נָפֶשׁnafesh· soul, living being, life

  A breathing being, a living being. It is translated "living being" (people and animals), "life" (when living or dying is at stake), "person" (in counts and laws), "soul" (the person at the innermost: desires, joy, anguish) or "myself". In the Old Testament it names the whole living being, not only a part of it.

• תִּתְפַּלֵּלtitpalel· pray

  Pray, intercede: speak with God, often asking on behalf of another; also judge.

• יְהוָהyehva· YHWH

  The personal name of the God of Israel, written in Hebrew with four letters, Y-H-W-H, without vowels. Out of reverence Jews stopped pronouncing it and read "Adonai" (Lord), so many Bibles put "the LORD" or "Jehovah". This translation keeps the four letters. The name is related to the verb "to be" (Exodus 3:14-15). He is not a god other than Elohim: "YHWH Elohim" is the same Creator God, called by his name.

• בָכֹהvacho· weep

  Weep, cry; mourn for someone.

• תִּדֹּרtidor· vow

  Make a vow: promise something to God.

• נֶדֶרneder· vow

  Vow: a solemn promise made to God; also the thing promised.

• תֹּאמַרtomar· say

  Say, speak. The most common verb for bringing in what someone says; sometimes "think" (say to oneself) or "command".

• צְבָאוֹתtsevaot· host, army

  A great ordered company, like an army. "All their host" is everything that fills the heavens and the earth: the stars and the created beings. From this word comes the title "YHWH of hosts" (YHWH Tsevaot).

• רָאֹהrao· see

  See. Also look, observe, notice, consider; in some forms, "appear" or "show".

• עֳנִיoni· affliction

  Affliction, suffering, misery.

• אֲמָתֶamate· female slave, maidservant

  Female slave, maidservant.

• זְכַרְתַּzecharta· remember

  Remember, call to mind; also mention. When God "remembers" someone, it is not that he had forgotten: it means he acts in his favor.

• תִשְׁכַּחtishkach· forget

  Forget.

• נָתַתָּהnatata· give, put, set

  Give, in a very wide sense: hand over, put, place, grant, allow, make something be.

• זֶרַעzera· offspring, seed

  Seed. From there "offspring": the children and generations that come from someone. Also sowing and semen.

• אֲנָשִׁיםanashim· man, husband, each

  Man, male; with a possessive, husband. Also "each one", "anyone". It is "ish", distinct from "adam" (human being); it is used for the man in contrast with the woman ("ishah").

• יְמֵיyeme· day

  Day: the hours of light, or a whole day from one evening to the next. Also an indefinite time or age ("in the day that...", "in those days").

• חַיָּיchayay· living, animal, life

  Living, alive; also fresh (of water). As a noun, "living thing" or "animal" (above all wild animals); in the plural, "life".

• מוֹרָהmora· razor

  Razor: a blade for cutting the hair or shaving.

• יַעֲלֶהyaale· go up, offer up

  Go up, ascend, climb. It is also used for "offering" a sacrifice (making it go up), and for coming up from Egypt.

• רֹאשׁrosh· head, chief

  Head. From there the first or the chief of a group, the top of a mountain, the beginning of something, or the sum; also the branches of a river.

• הָיָהhaya· be, become, happen

  Be, exist; also "become" or "happen". It is the verb of "there was", "it was" and "it came to pass".

• הִרְבְּתָהhirbta· multiply, increase

  Become many, increase in number or amount; multiply. In the causative form, make many, do much.

• פְנֵיfene· face, presence

  Face. From there "surface" (the face of something) and "presence" (being before someone's face); with a preposition it means "before" or "in front of".

• עֵלִיeli· Eli

  Eli, priest at Shiloh who judged Israel forty years (1 Samuel 4:18); Samuel grew up with him.

• שֹׁמֵרshomer· keep, guard

  Keep: watch over, guard, protect; also keep a command or a covenant, observe.

• פִּיpi· mouth

  Mouth. Also what someone says or commands ("by the mouth of" = by the word of); the edge of a sword; "according to".

• חַנָּהchana· Hannah

  Hannah, wife of Elkanah and mother of the prophet Samuel. The name means "favor".

• מְדַבֶּרֶתmedaberet· speak

  Speak, talk, say; also promise or command.

• לִבָּliba· heart

  Heart. In Hebrew it is not only the place of feelings: it is the center of the person, where one thinks, decides and wills; also the middle of something.

• שְׂפָתֶיsefate· lip, language, edge

  Lip. From there, the way of speaking: speech or language. Also the shore or edge of something.

• נָּעוֹתnaot· wander, stagger

  Move to and fro, stagger, wander; shake.

• קוֹלָkola· voice, sound

  Voice or sound: what is heard, from a person, an animal or a thing (thunder, steps).

• יִשָּׁמֵעַyishamea· hear, listen, obey

  Hear, listen. In the Bible listening truly includes paying heed; so it often means "obey". In the causative form, make heard, proclaim.

• יַּחְשְׁבֶyachshve· think, count, devise

  Think, consider; count something as something else ("count as", "credit as"). Also devise, design, plan, often evil: "the work of a skilled craftsman" is, literally, "the work of one who designs".

• שִׁכֹּרָהshikora· drunk

  Drunk: one who has drunk too much wine.

• מָתַיmatay· when?

  When? How long?

• תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִיtishtakari· drink freely, be drunk

  Drink freely, drink one's fill; become drunk.

• הָסִירִיhasiri· turn aside, remove

  Turn aside, turn away; remove, take away.

• יֵינֵyene· wine

  Wine; also drunkenness.

• תַּעַןtaan· answer

  Answer, reply; also speak up, testify, or sing in response.

• אֲדֹנִadoni· lord, master

  Lord: one who has authority over another (an owner, a husband, a superior). It is also a polite form, "my lord". Said of God, "the Lord".

• אִשָּׁהisha· woman, wife

  Woman; with a possessive ("his woman"), wife. In Hebrew it is "ishah", which sounds like "ish", man.

• קְשַׁתkeshat· hard, harsh

  Hard, harsh, severe; stubborn, difficult.

• רוּחַruach· spirit, wind, breath

  The basic idea is "air in motion". The same word can be "wind"; "breath", the air that is breathed and keeps life; or "spirit": the mood or inner strength of a person, or the Spirit of God, his presence and power at work.

• שֵׁכָרshechar· intoxicating drink

  Intoxicating drink made from fermented grain or fruit; distinct from grape wine.

• שָׁתִיתִיshatiti· drink

  Drink.

• אֶשְׁפֹּךְeshpoch· pour out, shed

  Pour out, pour. "Shed blood" is to kill; "pour out one's soul" or "one's heart" is to open it before God.

• בַּתbat· daughter

  Daughter; also granddaughter. In the plural, also the women of a people or place ("daughters of Canaan"); "daughter of Zion" stands for a city and its people.

• בְּלִיָּעַלbeliyaal· worthlessness, wickedness

  Worthlessness, a thing of no value: "sons of belial" are worthless people who do evil. Later it was used as a name for the evil one (2 Corinthians 6:15).

• רֹבrov· abundance

  Abundance, great number; greatness.

• שִׂיחִsichi· complaint, musing

  Complaint, what someone says when pouring out his grief; also "musing, meditation."

• כַעְסִchasi· provocation, vexation

  Provocation, vexation: what irritates and causes anger or grief.

• לְכִיlechi· go, walk

  Go, walk, depart; in the causative form, lead or bring.

• שָׁלוֹםshalom· peace, well-being

  "Shalom": peace in a wide sense; not only the absence of war, but being whole and well: health, safety, good relations. It is also the Hebrew greeting.

• אלֹהֵיlohe· Elohim, God, gods

  The Hebrew word usually translated "God". This translation keeps "Elohim" when it speaks of the one true God, the Creator, the God of Israel. The word ends like a plural, but it does not mean several: for him the verb is singular ("Elohim created"); the plural form expresses greatness. The same word as a common noun names the "gods" of other peoples, and there it is a true plural, translated "gods". It is also used of mighty ones or judges.

• יִשְׂרָאֵלyisrael· Israel

  Israel, the new name Jacob received from God, explained as "you have striven with God" (Genesis 32:28); then the name of the people that came from him and, after the division, of the northern kingdom.

• שֵׁלָתֵshelate· request

  Request: what one asks of another.

• שָׁאַלְתְּshaalt· ask

  Ask, inquire; request.

• תִּמְצָאtimtsa· find

  Find, come upon; also obtain, reach; in the passive, be found, be present.

• שִׁפְחָתְshifchat· female slave, servant

  Female slave, maidservant in the service of the lady of the house.

• חֵןchen· favor

  Favor: someone's good disposition toward another. "Find favor in someone's eyes" is to be looked on with kindness. Also grace, charm.

• עֵינֶיene· eye

  Eye. "In someone's eyes" means "in his opinion"; "find favor in the eyes of" is to please him. Also a spring of water.

• דַרְכָּdarka· way

  Way, road, journey. Figuratively, the way one lives or acts.

• תֹּאכַלtochal· eat

  Eat; also consume, devour (said of fire or the sword).