Isaiah 1:11–17

In its context

Its words in the original

• רֹבrov· abundance

  Abundance, great number; greatness.

• זִבְחֵיzivche· sacrifice

  Sacrifice: an animal offered to God; part of its meat was eaten in a shared meal.

• יֹאמַרyomar· say

  Say, speak. The most common verb for bringing in what someone says; sometimes "think" (say to oneself) or "command".

• יְהוָהyehva· YHWH

  The personal name of the God of Israel, written in Hebrew with four letters, Y-H-W-H, without vowels. Out of reverence Jews stopped pronouncing it and read "Adonai" (Lord), so many Bibles put "the LORD" or "Jehovah". This translation keeps the four letters. The name is related to the verb "to be" (Exodus 3:14-15). He is not a god other than Elohim: "YHWH Elohim" is the same Creator God, called by his name.

• שָׂבַעְתִּיsavati· be satisfied

  Be filled, be satisfied.

• עֹלוֹתolot· burnt offering

  Burnt offering: a sacrifice in which the animal is burned whole on the altar, as a total gift to God. The Hebrew word means "what goes up" (in smoke).

• אֵילִיםelim· ram

  Ram: the male sheep. Also a leader, a strong tree, or a pillar.

• חֵלֶבchelev· fat; best

  Fat. It was considered the best part of the animal, so it also means "the best".

• מְרִיאִיםmeriim· fatted animal

  Fatted animal: a beast fattened for a meal or a special sacrifice.

• דַםdam· blood

  Blood. In the Bible blood stands for life; "shed blood" is to kill; "bloodguilt" is guilt for killing.

• פָּרִיםparim· bull

  Young bull, bullock.

• כְבָשִׂיםchevasim· lamb

  Lamb: a young sheep, male (a young ram).

• עַתּוּדִיםatudim· male goat

  Full-grown male goat. Figuratively, a leader of a people.

• חָפָצְתִּיchafatsti· desire, delight in

  Want, desire; be pleased with someone, delight in.

• תָבֹאוּtavou· come, go in, bring

  Come, arrive, go in, enter. In the causative form, "bring" or "carry in". "Go in to" a woman is to have marital relations with her.

• רָאוֹתraot· see

  See. Also look, observe, notice, consider; in some forms, "appear" or "show".

• פָּנָpana· face, presence

  Face. From there "surface" (the face of something) and "presence" (being before someone's face); with a preposition it means "before" or "in front of".

• בִקֵּשׁvikesh· seek

  Seek, look for; also require, demand an account.

• יֶּדְyed· hand, power

  Hand. Figuratively, power or control ("into the hand of" = into the power of); also side, part, or share. Also a projecting piece, such as a tenon.

• רְמֹסremos· trample

  Tread, trample with the feet: the potter's clay, grapes, or a person or thing crushed under those passing by. In 2 Kings 7:17, 20 the people, rushing out through the gate, trample the officer and he dies.

• חֲצֵרָchatsera· court; village

  Enclosed court, courtyard; also an unwalled village.

• תוֹסִיפוּtosifu· add, do again

  Add; do again, keep doing.

• מִנְחַתminchat· offering, gift

  Offering, a gift presented to someone greater. Offered to God it can be of animals or of produce; in the later laws it means above all the grain offering. Also tribute.

• שָׁוְאshav· falsehood, emptiness; in vain

  What is false, empty, worthless. "In vain" is using something for falsehood or for nothing.

• קְטֹרֶתketoret· incense

  Incense: a mixture of spices burned to give sweet-smelling smoke; also the smoke of a burned sacrifice.

• תּוֹעֵבָהtoeva· abomination

  Abomination: something that a people or God rejects with disgust, above all idolatry and the practices God forbids; also a custom another people will not tolerate.

• חֹדֶשׁchodesh· month, new moon

  Month. The Hebrew month begins with the new moon; so the same word also means "new moon".

• שַׁבָּתshabat· Sabbath

  Sabbath: the seventh day, when work stops because it is set apart for God. The word comes from the verb "cease". It can also mean a week, or a sabbatical year (the land's rest).

• קְרֹאkero· call, proclaim

  Call: speak out to someone, summon, invite, give a name, proclaim; also read aloud. "Call on the name of YHWH" is to pray to him and worship him.

• מִקְרָאmikra· convocation

  Convocation: a gathering to which the whole people is called; also a reading (Nehemiah 8:8).

• אוּכַלuchal· be able, can

  Be able, can; also prevail, overcome.

• אָוֶןaven· wickedness, trouble

  Wickedness, trouble: what is empty and comes to nothing; also the evil and the affliction it brings.

• עֲצָרָהatsara· solemn assembly

  Solemn assembly: a gathering of the whole people on a festival day, when no work is done.

• מוֹעֲדֵיmoade· appointed time, meeting

  Time fixed in advance: an appointed date, a season of the year, a feast. Also the meeting held at that time and the place for it; hence "tent of meeting".

• שָׂנְאָהsana· hate

  Hate. In Hebrew it ranges from the hatred of an enemy to simply "loving less". "Those who hate you" are enemies.

• נַפְשִׁnafshi· soul, living being, life

  A breathing being, a living being. It is translated "living being" (people and animals), "life" (when living or dying is at stake), "person" (in counts and laws), "soul" (the person at the innermost: desires, joy, anguish) or "myself". In the Old Testament it names the whole living being, not only a part of it.

• הָיוּhayu· be, become, happen

  Be, exist; also "become" or "happen". It is the verb of "there was", "it was" and "it came to pass".

• טֹרַחtorach· burden

  Burden, a heavy load.

• נִלְאֵיתִיnileti· grow weary

  Grow weary, become exhausted without achieving something; weary someone.

• נְשֹׂאneso· lift, carry, bear

  Lift up, carry, bear. "Bear sin" is to suffer its consequences; said of God, "taking away" sin is forgiving it. "Lift up the eyes" is to look.

• פָרִשְׂfaris· spread out

  Spread out: hands in prayer, wings, a net, a cloth or a tent.

• כַּפֵּיkape· palm, sole

  The palm of the hand or the sole of the foot; also a pan or small bowl.

• אַעְלִיםalim· hide, be hidden

  Be hidden, escape notice; hide, conceal.

• עֵינַena· eye

  Eye. "In someone's eyes" means "in his opinion"; "find favor in the eyes of" is to please him. Also a spring of water.

• תַרְבּוּtarbu· multiply, increase

  Become many, increase in number or amount; multiply. In the causative form, make many, do much.

• תְפִלָּהtefila· prayer

  Prayer: words addressed to God to ask, to intercede or to praise. Several psalms bear this name.

• שֹׁמֵעַshomea· hear, listen, obey

  Hear, listen. In the Bible listening truly includes paying heed; so it often means "obey". In the causative form, make heard, proclaim.

• מָלֵאוּmaleu· fill, be full

  Fill or be full; also fulfill or complete (a time, a word given).

• רַחֲצוּrachatsu· wash

  Wash; wash oneself, bathe.

• הִזַּכּוּhizaku· be pure, be clean

  To be pure, clean, clear; figuratively, to be innocent.

• הָסִירוּhasiru· turn aside, remove

  Turn aside, turn away; remove, take away.

• רֹעַroa· ugliness; evil

  Bad appearance, ugliness. Elsewhere, wickedness.

• מַעַלְלֵיmaalle· deeds, doings

  Deeds, doings; what someone does, good or bad.

• נֶּגֶדneged· in front of, counterpart

  In front of, opposite, before. The full phrase "as in front of him" means someone who corresponds to him, a counterpart.

• חִדְלוּchidlu· cease, stop

  Stop doing something, cease; leave off.

• הָרֵעַharea· do evil, harm

  Do evil, cause harm; be bad, be displeasing ("it was evil in his eyes").

• לִמְדוּlimdu· teach, learn

  Teach; in another form of the verb, learn.

• הֵיטֵבhetev· do well, be good

  Do well, act well; go well for someone; please. Also set something right, prepare it.

• דִּרְשׁוּdirshu· seek, inquire

  Seek earnestly; inquire; require an account. Turned toward God, consult him or seek him.

• מִשְׁפָּטmishpat· justice, judgment

  What is right and the decision that establishes it: the judgment of a judge, someone's right, a rule or ordinance, a custom. "Do righteousness and justice" is to treat each one as is due.

• אַשְּׁרוּashru· call happy; walk straight

  Call someone happy, congratulate them. Elsewhere, walk straight, go forward, lead.

• חָמוֹץchamots· oppressor

  An oppressor, a violent person.

• שִׁפְטוּshiftu· judge

  Judge: decide who is in the right and do him justice; also punish. Also rule, govern.

• יָתוֹםyatom· fatherless

  Orphan; above all one who has lost his father.

• רִיבוּrivu· contend, quarrel

  Contend in words, quarrel, dispute; bring a case; also defend someone's cause.

• אַלְמָנָהalmana· widow

  Widow.