Daniel 5:21

“And from the sons of men he was driven away, and his heart was made like that of the animals, and with the wild donkeys was his dwelling; grass like oxen he was made to eat, and with the dew of the heavens his body was drenched, until he knew that Elah Illaya rules over the kingdom of men, and whomever he wishes he sets up over it.”

Daniel 5:21 · direct translation from the Aramaic
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With the Aramaic beneath

21

Daniel 5:21, word by word

And from the sonsבְּנֵיbene

member

Member of a group: "sons of men", humans.

Where else “bene” appears
of menאֲנָשָׁanasha

man, human being

Man, human being; as a group, "men", people (Aramaic). Related to the Hebrew "enosh".

Where else “anasha” appears
he was driven awayטְרִידterid

drive away

To drive away, to expel (Aramaic).

Where else “terid” appears
and his heartלִבְבֵlivve

heart

Heart (Aramaic): the inner person, mind and will. The same word as the Hebrew "levav".

Where else “livve” appears
was madeשַׁוִּיְוshaviyv

become like

To become like another.

Where else “shaviyv” appears
like that of the animalsעִםim

with

With (Aramaic). The same word as the Hebrew "im".

Where else “im” appears
like that of the animalsחֵיוְתָchevta

animal, beast

Animal, beast (Aramaic): a living creature, wild or tame.

Where else “chevta” appears
and with the wild donkeysעֲרָדַיָּaradaya

wild donkey

Wild donkey (Aramaic).

Where else “aradaya” appears
was his dwellingמְדוֹרֵmedore

dwelling

Dwelling, the place where one lives (Aramaic).

Where else “medore” appears
grassעִשְׂבָּisba

grass

Green grass of the field, which the beasts eat.

Where else “isba” appears
like oxenתוֹרִיןtorin

bull

Bull (Aramaic). Related to the Hebrew "shor".

Where else “torin” appears
he was made to eatיְטַעֲמוּנֵּyetaamune

feed

To make someone eat, to give him food (in Aramaic).

Where else “yetaamune” appears
and with the dewטַּלtal

dew

Dew (Aramaic).

Where else “tal” appears
of the heavensשְׁמַיָּshemaya

heavens

Heavens (Aramaic). The same word as the Hebrew "shamayim". "The Elah of the heavens" is the God of Israel.

Where else “shemaya” appears
his bodyגִּשְׁמֵgishme

body

Body (Aramaic).

Where else “gishme” appears
was drenchedיִצְטַבַּעyitstaba

wet

To make wet, to drench (Aramaic).

Where else “yitstaba” appears
he knewיְדַעyeda

know

To know something, to find out about it (in Aramaic).

Where else “yeda” appears
Elah Illayaאֱלָהָelaha

Elah, God, god

Elah: the Aramaic word for God, related to the Hebrew "Eloah" and "Elohim". In the parts of the Bible written in Aramaic (Ezra and Daniel) it is the God of Israel, the same one who in Hebrew is called Elohim; the text only changes language. The same word, also in the plural, is used for the gods of other peoples ("god", "gods"), and the passage itself shows who is meant.

Where else “elaha” appears
Elah Illayaעִלָּאָilaa

Most High, Illaya

Illaya (Aramaic): "the Most High", the highest; a title of God.

Where else “ilaa” appears
rulesשַׁלִּיטshalit

rule

To have authority; the one in charge.

Where else “shalit” appears
over the kingdomמַלְכוּתmalchut

kingdom

A kingdom, above all the one God gives his people and that does not end (Aramaic).

Where else “malchut” appears
and whomeverמַןman

who, what

Who, which (Aramaic).

Where else “man” appears
he wishesיִצְבֵּהyitsbe

want, be pleased

To want, to will; to be pleased with (Aramaic).

Where else “yitsbe” appears
he sets upיְהָקֵיםyehakem

set up

To place someone in office, or to set something up (Aramaic).

Where else “yehakem” appears

The context

20But when his heart was lifted up and his spirit was hardened so that he acted proudly, he was brought down from the throne of his kingdom, and his honor was taken from him.

21 · This verse (above)

22And you, his son, Belshazzar, have not humbled your heart, although you knew all this.

Read all of Daniel 5

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