Exodus 12:21

“Then Moses called all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go and take for yourselves animals of the flock for your families, and slaughter the Passover lamb.”

Exodus 12:21 · direct translation from the Hebrew
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21

Explicit type · 1 Corinthians 5:7

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Paul calls the Messiah “our Passover lamb,” sacrificed, with the word that in Exodus 12:21 designates the Passover animal. In the same verse he speaks of removing the old leaven.

The biblical author himself makes the connection, in these words:

τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν ἐτύθη Χριστός “our Passover lamb also has been sacrificed: the Messiah” (1 Corinthians 5:7)

  • פָּסַחpasajH6453πάσχαpaschaG3957“Passover”

Passoverפֶּסַח / πάσχαפסח pascha

Name of the feast of the fourteenth day of the first month and of the animal that was sacrificed at it (Exodus 12:6, 21). Exodus 12:27 explains it with the verb pasach, “pass over”: YHWH passed over the houses of the Israelites. On the following day the seven days of unleavened bread began (Leviticus 23:5-6).

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Theme · Mark 14:12

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Mark 14:12 says that on the first day of Unleavened Bread “they sacrificed the Passover”; Exodus 12:21 uses the same expression: “slaughter the Passover.”

The same term appears in both passages.

  • שַׁחֲטוּshajatuH7819ἔθυονethyonG2380“slaughter, sacrifice”
  • פָּסַחpasajH6453πάσχαpaschaG3957“Passover”

Passoverפֶּסַח / πάσχαפסח pascha

Name of the feast of the fourteenth day of the first month and of the animal that was sacrificed at it (Exodus 12:6, 21). Exodus 12:27 explains it with the verb pasach, “pass over”: YHWH passed over the houses of the Israelites. On the following day the seven days of unleavened bread began (Leviticus 23:5-6).

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Allusion · Hebrews 11:28

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Both texts join the Passover, the blood and the one who destroyed the firstborn (in Exodus 12:23, “the destroyer”).

They share words that are rare in the original, without a quotation.

  • פָּסַחpasajH6453πάσχαpaschaG3957“Passover”
  • דָּםdamH1818αἵματοςhaimatosG129“blood”

Exodus 12:21, word by word

Then Mosesמֹשֶׁהmoshe

Moses

Moses, the man God called to bring Israel out of Egypt and through whom he gave the Law. His name sounds like "draw out" (Exodus 2:10).

Where else “moshe” appears
calledיִּקְרָאyikra

call

To raise the voice to someone so that he comes, or to invite him.

Where else “yikra” appears
the eldersזִקְנֵיzikne

elder

The senior men who led a city or the people.

Where else “zikne” appears
of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵלyisrael

Israel

Israel, the new name Jacob received from God, explained as "you have striven with God" (Genesis 32:28); then the name of the people that came from him and, after the division, of the northern kingdom.

Where else “yisrael” appears
and saidיֹּאמֶרyomer

say

To say with the mouth to someone what one thinks or wants, or to answer him.

Where else “yomer” appears
“Goמִשְׁכוּmishchu

go

To set out toward a place, often as a group.

Where else “mishchu” appears
and takeקְחוּkechu

take

To grasp something in the hand to carry or use it.

Where else “kechu” appears
animals of the flockצֹאןtson

flock

A flock of sheep and goats.

Where else “tson” appears
for your familiesמִשְׁפְּחֹתֵיmishpchote

family

A group of relatives within a tribe.

Where else “mishpchote” appears
and slaughterשַׁחֲטוּshachatu

slaughter

To kill an animal by cutting its throat, to sacrifice it or to eat.

Where else “shachatu” appears
the Passover lambפָּסַחpasach

Passover

Passover (pesach): the festival that recalls the night when God "passed over" the houses of Israel and brought them out of Egypt; also the animal sacrificed that night.

Where else “pasach” appears

Translation note

“The Passover” designates here the animal that is sacrificed. Paul connects it with the death of Jesus: “our Passover… has been sacrificed” (1 Corinthians 5:7).

The context

20You shall not eat anything leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.’ ”

21 · This verse (above)

22Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the bowl, and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with some of the blood that is in the bowl. As for you, none shall go out of the door of his house until morning.

Read all of Exodus 12

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