James 3:1–12
James: the tongue, small like a bit or a rudder, is a fire that no one can tame
Study it word by word1Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers, knowing that we will receive a greater judgment.
2For we all stumble in many ways. If anyone does not stumble in word, he is a perfect man, able to bridle also the whole body.
3And if we put bits into the mouths of horses so that they obey us, we steer also their whole body.
4Look also at the ships: though they are so large and are driven by strong winds, they are steered by a very small rudder wherever the impulse of the pilot wants.
5So also the tongue is a small member and boasts of great things. See how great a forest so small a fire sets ablaze.
6And the tongue is a fire, the world of unrighteousness; the tongue is set among our members, staining the whole body and setting on fire the wheel of existence, and is itself set on fire by Gehenna.
7For every kind of beasts and birds, of reptiles and sea creatures, is tamed and has been tamed by humankind,
8But no human being can tame the tongue: it is a restless evil, full of deadly poison.
9With it we bless the Lord and Father, and with it we curse people who have been made in the likeness of God.
10From the same mouth come blessing and cursing. My brothers, these things ought not to be so.
11A spring does not pour forth from the same opening the sweet and the bitter, does it?
12My brothers, a fig tree cannot produce olives, or a vine figs, can it? Neither can salt water produce sweet water.
In its context
…
13Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show by his good conduct his works in the gentleness of wisdom.
14But if you have bitter jealousy and rivalry in your heart, do not boast and lie against the truth.
Its words in the original
- πολλοὶpolloi· much, many
Much, great; in the plural, many.
- διδάσκαλοιdidaskaloi· teacher
Teacher, one who teaches.
- γίνεσθεginesthe· become, happen
Become, happen, come about; be born.
- ἀδελφοίadelphoi· brother
Brother. Also a close relative, a fellow countryman and, among believers, a brother in the faith.
- εἰδότεςeidotes· know
Know, understand; also see.
- μεῖζονmeizon· great
Great, large.
- κρίμαkrima· judgment
Judgment, verdict; also condemnation.
- λημψόμεθαlēmpsometha· take, receive
Take, receive.
- πταίομενptaiomen· stumble
Stumble, trip; hence fail, go wrong.
- ἅπαντεςhapantes· all
All, every one without exception.
- λόγῳlogōi· word
Word, saying, message; also reason, cause, account.
- τέλειοςteleios· complete, mature
Complete, mature, whole; often rendered “perfect.”
- ἀνήρanēr· man, husband
Man, adult male; with a possessive, "husband".
- δυνατὸςdynatos· possible, powerful
Possible; also strong, powerful, able.
- χαλιναγωγῆσαιchalinagōgēsai· bridle, restrain
Bridle, keep in check as with a bridle; restrain.
- ὅλονholon· whole, all
Whole, entire, all.
- σῶμαsōma· body
Body.
- ἵππωνhippōn· horse
Horse.
- χαλινοὺςchalinous· bridle, bit
Bridle, bit in a horse's mouth.
- στόματαstomata· mouth
Mouth.
- βάλλομενballomen· throw, put
Throw, cast; also put.
- πείθεσθαιpeithesthai· persuade, trust
To persuade, convince; to trust.
- μετάγομενmetagomen· steer, guide
Guide, steer, turn in another direction.
- πλοῖαploia· boat
Boat.
- τηλικαῦταtēlikauta· so great
So great, of such size.
- ὄνταonta· be
Be, exist.
- ἀνέμωνanemōn· wind
Wind.
- σκληρῶνsklērōn· hard
Hard, harsh.
- ἐλαυνόμεναelaunomena· row, drive
Row; also drive, push along.
- ἐλαχίστουelachistou· least, smallest
Least, smallest, the lowest in size or importance.
- πηδαλίουpēdaliou· rudder
Rudder, steering oar of a ship.
- ὅπουhopou· where
Where, wherever.
- ὁρμὴhormē· attempt, impulse
Impulse, violent movement; an attempt, an assault on someone.
- εὐθύνοντοςeuthynontos· make straight
Make straight.
- βούλεταιbouletai· want, intend
Want firmly, resolve, intend.
- γλῶσσαglōssa· tongue
Tongue.
- μικρὸνmikron· small, little
Small, little.
- μέλοςmelos· member, part
Member, limb, a part of the body; figuratively, each person as a part of a whole.
- αὐχεῖauchei· boast
Boast, brag.
- ἡλίκονhēlikon· how great
How great, how large; also how small.
- πῦρpyr· fire
Fire.
- ὕληνhylēn· forest, wood
Forest, woodland; also wood or matter.
- ἀνάπτειanaptei· kindle
Kindle, light a fire.
- κόσμοςkosmos· world
World: what God created; also humanity, and humanity living with its back turned to God.
- ἀδικίαςadikias· unrighteousness
Injustice, unrighteousness.
- καθίσταταιkathistatai· appoint, make
Put in charge, appoint; also make, cause to be.
- σπιλοῦσαspilousa· stain, defile
Stain, defile.
- φλογίζουσαphlogizousa· set on fire
Set on fire, set ablaze.
- τροχὸνtrochon· wheel, course
Wheel; the course or cycle of something.
- γενέσεωςgeneseōs· origin, birth, lineage
Origin, birth; also the family line someone comes from. The name of the book of Genesis comes from it.
- γεέννηςgeennēs· Gehenna
Gehenna: the Valley of Hinnom beside Jerusalem, a cursed place because children were sacrificed there to idols; an image of final punishment.
- φύσιςphysis· nature
Nature: what something is by birth or origin; "by nature", by what one is born as or by the natural order.
- θηρίωνthēriōn· wild animal
Wild animal, beast.
- πετεινῶνpeteinōn· bird
Bird.
- ἑρπετῶνherpetōn· reptile, creeping thing
Reptile: an animal that creeps along the ground.
- ἐναλίωνenaliōn· sea creature
Sea creature: an animal that lives in the sea.
- δαμάζεταιdamazetai· tame, subdue
Tame, subdue.
- ἀνθρωπίνῃanthrōpinēi· human
Human; "in human terms", speaking as people do.
- δύναταιdynatai· can, be able
Can, be able.
- ἀνθρώπωνanthrōpōn· human being, man
Human being, person, man (without distinguishing male or female).
- ἀκατάστατονakatastaton· unstable
Unstable, restless: not standing firm.
- κακόνkakon· bad, evil
Bad, evil.
- μεστὴmestē· full
Full.
- ἰοῦiou· poison, rust
Poison, venom; also rust.
- θανατηφόρουthanatēphorou· deadly
Deadly: bringing death.
- εὐλογοῦμενeulogoumen· bless
Bless: speak well of someone; said of food, thank God for it.
- κύριονkyrion· Lord, lord
Lord, master, owner. Said of God, the Lord; in Old Testament quotations it stands for the name YHWH.
- πατέραpatera· father, Father
Father; also ancestor.
- καταρώμεθαkatarōmetha· curse
Curse.
- ὁμοίωσινhomoiōsin· likeness
Likeness: being made like something.
- θεοῦtheou· God, god
God. In the plural or in another sense, "gods".
- ἐξέρχεταιexerchetai· go out
Go out, come out.
- εὐλογίαeulogia· blessing
Blessing; also praise, or fine-sounding words.
- κατάραkatara· curse
Curse, the opposite of a blessing.
- χρήchrē· ought, it is right
It is necessary, it ought; it is right.
- μήτιmēti· surely not?
Surely not...? (a question that expects "no").
- πηγὴpēgē· spring, well
Spring, fountain, well.
- ὀπῆςopēs· hole, opening
Hole, opening: a cave or a crack in the ground or rock.
- βρύειbryei· pour forth
Pour forth, gush, send out water in abundance.
- γλυκὺglyky· sweet
Sweet; of water, fresh.
- πικρόνpikron· bitter
Bitter; also harsh.
- συκῆsykē· fig tree
Fig tree.
- ἐλαίαςelaias· olive tree
Olive tree. "The Mount of Olives" lies east of Jerusalem.
- ποιῆσαιpoiēsai· do, make
Do, make, produce.
- ἄμπελοςampelos· vine
Vine, grapevine.
- σῦκαsyka· fig
Fig.
- οὔτεoute· neither, nor
Neither, nor.
- ἁλυκὸνhalykon· salty
Salty, salt.
- ὕδωρhydōr· water
Water.