Jeremiah 33:19–22
God compares his covenant with David to the fixed order of day and night
Study it word by word19And the word of YHWH came to Jeremiah, saying,
20“Thus says YHWH: If you can break my covenant with the day and my covenant with the night, so that there will not be day and night in their time,
21then also my covenant may be broken with David my servant, so that he will not have a son reigning on his throne, and with the Levites, the priests, my ministers.
22As the army of the heavens cannot be counted, and the sand of the sea cannot be measured, so I will multiply the offspring of David my servant, and the Levites who minister to me.”
In its context
17For thus says YHWH: David will never lack a man sitting on the throne of the house of Israel;
18and the priests, the Levites, will never lack a man before me offering burnt offering, and offering up in smoke grain offering, and making sacrifice all the days.”
…
23And the word of YHWH came to Jeremiah, saying,
24“Have you not seen what this people have spoken, saying, ‘The two families that YHWH chose, he has rejected them’? And my people they despise, so that it is no longer a nation in their sight.
Its words in the original
- יְהִיyehi· be, become, happen
Be, exist; also "become" or "happen". It is the verb of "there was", "it was" and "it came to pass".
- דְּבַרdevar· word, matter, thing
Word; what is said. Also "matter" or "thing": what is spoken about, an affair, an event.
- יְהוָהyehva· YHWH
The personal name of the God of Israel, written in Hebrew with four letters, Y-H-W-H, without vowels. Out of reverence Jews stopped pronouncing it and read "Adonai" (Lord), so many Bibles put "the LORD" or "Jehovah". This translation keeps the four letters. The name is related to the verb "to be" (Exodus 3:14-15). He is not a god other than Elohim: "YHWH Elohim" is the same Creator God, called by his name.
- יִרְמְיָהוּyirmyahu· Jeremiah
Jeremiah: a name meaning "YHWH raises up" or "YHWH exalts," borne by several men: best known is the prophet, son of Hilkiah, from Anathoth (Jeremiah 1:1); in 2 Kings 23:31 and 24:18 another Jeremiah, of Libnah, grandfather of two kings.
- אמוֹרmor· say
Say, speak. The most common verb for bringing in what someone says; sometimes "think" (say to oneself) or "command".
- תָּפֵרוּtaferu· break, annul
Break, annul, frustrate; break a covenant, fail to keep it.
- בְּרִיתִberiti· covenant
Covenant: a solemn commitment between two parties, with promises and obligations. When God makes it, he is the one who offers it and guarantees it.
- יּוֹםyom· day
Day: the hours of light, or a whole day from one evening to the next. Also an indefinite time or age ("in the day that...", "in those days").
- לָּיְלָהlayla· night
Night.
- יוֹמָםyomam· by day
By day, in the daytime.
- עִתָּita· time
Time, moment, season; "now".
- דָּוִדdavid· David
David, youngest son of Jesse, of Bethlehem; the second king of Israel. The name means "beloved."
- עַבְדִּavdi· slave, servant
Slave, servant: someone who belongs to another or is in his service. It can be a slave, a worker or a high official of the king; before God, one who serves him. "Your servant" is a polite way to say "I".
- בֵןven· son
Son. In the plural it can include sons and daughters, and also grandsons and descendants. "Son of..." also says what group someone belongs to ("sons of Israel" = Israelites).
- מֹלֵךְmolech· reign
Reign, be king; in the causative form, make someone king.
- כִּסְאkis· throne
Throne: the king's seat, sign of his authority.
- לְוִיִּםleviyim· Levite
Levite: of the tribe of Levi.
- כֹּהֲנִיםkohanim· priest
Priest: one who serves God on behalf of the people and presents the offerings.
- מְשָׁרְתָmesharta· serve, minister
Serve someone closely, attend to them personally; also minister in worship.
- יִסָּפֵרyisafer· count, tell
Count (numbers) and also tell (relate, recount). From here comes the word for "scribe".
- צְבָאtseva· host, army
A great ordered company, like an army. "All their host" is everything that fills the heavens and the earth: the stars and the created beings. From this word comes the title "YHWH of hosts" (YHWH Tsevaot).
- שָּׁמַיִםshamayim· heavens, sky
The heavens: what is above, where the clouds, the sun and the stars are seen; also the dwelling of God. In Hebrew it is always plural. With birds, "the sky".
- יִמַּדyimad· measure
Measure.
- חוֹלchol· sand
Sand.
- יָּםyam· sea, west
Sea, or any great body of water (also a lake). Since the Mediterranean lies west of Israel, the word also means "west".
- אַרְבֶּהarbe· multiply, increase
Become many, increase in number or amount; multiply. In the causative form, make many, do much.
- זֶרַעzera· offspring, seed
Seed. From there "offspring": the children and generations that come from someone. Also sowing and semen.