20
So allוַ כָלIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵלwent downיֵּרְדוּto the Philistinesהַפְּלִשְׁתִּיםto sharpenלִלְטוֹשׁeachאִישׁhis plowshare,אֶת מַחֲרַשְׁתּוֹhis mattock,וְאֶת אֵתוֹhis ax,וְאֶת קַרְדֻּמּוֹand his hoe.וְאֵת מַחֲרֵשָׁתוֹ
1 Samuel 13:20
Study it in the app“So all Israel went down to the Philistines to sharpen each his plowshare, his mattock, his ax, and his hoe.”
With the Hebrew beneath
1 Samuel 13:20, word by word
- Israelיִשְׂרָאֵלyisrael
Israel
Israel, the new name Jacob received from God, explained as "you have striven with God" (Genesis 32:28); then the name of the people that came from him and, after the division, of the northern kingdom.
Where else “yisrael” appears- went downיֵּרְדוּyerdu
go down
To go from a higher place to a lower one, like from the mountain to the valley.
Where else “yerdu” appears- to the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּיםpelishtim
Philistines
Philistines: a people that settled on the south-west coast of Canaan and was Israel's enemy in the days of the judges and of David.
Where else “pelishtim” appears- to sharpenלְטוֹשׁletosh
sharpen, forge
Sharpen, hammer out, forge.
Where else “letosh” appears- eachאִישׁish
each
Literally "a man": any person; with "not", not a single person.
Where else “ish” appears- his plowshareמַחֲרַשְׁתּmacharasht
plowshare, hoe
A farming tool, probably a plowshare or hoe: the iron piece that opens the ground. It appears only in 1 Samuel 13:20.
Where else “macharasht” appears- his mattockאֵתet
mattock
Mattock, hoe or other digging tool; elsewhere "plowshare" (Isaiah 2:4).
Where else “et” appears- his axקַרְדֻּמּkardum
axe
Axe: a tool for cutting trees and branches.
Where else “kardum” appears- and his hoeמַחֲרֵשָׁתmachareshat
plowshare, pick
A farming tool, perhaps a hoe, a pick or a plowshare. It appears only in 1 Samuel 13:20-21.
Where else “machareshat” appears
Translation note
The names of the tools are not entirely certain; the first and the last are almost the same word in Hebrew.
The context
19No smith was found in all the land of Israel, for the Philistines had said, “Otherwise the Hebrews will make sword or spear.”
20 · This verse (above)
21And the price was a pim for the plowshares and for the mattocks, and for the three-pronged forks and for the axes, and for setting straight the goad.