2 Samuel 20:3

“David came to his house in Jerusalem; and the king took the ten women, the concubines, whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in a house under guard; he provided for them, but to them he did not go in. So they were shut up until the day of their death, in widowhood for life.”

2 Samuel 20:3 · direct translation from the Hebrew
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2 Samuel 20:3, word by word

Davidדָוִדdavid

David

David, youngest son of Jesse, of Bethlehem; the second king of Israel. The name means "beloved."

Where else “david” appears
cameיָּבֹאyavo

come

To come, arrive: "days are coming".

Where else “yavo” appears
his houseבֵּיתbet

house

A building to live in, or an enclosed place to keep something or someone.

Where else “bet” appears
in Jerusalemיְרוּשָׁלִַםyerushalaim

Jerusalem

See it on the mapWhere else “yerushalaim” appears
and the kingמֶּלֶךְmelech

king

A king who rules a people.

Where else “melech” appears
tookיִּקַּחyikach

fetch

To take someone along, or go and fetch something.

Where else “yikach” appears
the tenעֶשֶׂרeser

ten

Ten.

Where else “eser” appears
womenנָשִׁיםnashim

woman

An adult female person: single, married or widowed.

Where else “nashim” appears
the concubinesפִּלַגְשִׁיםpilagshim

concubine

Concubine: a woman joined to a man in a recognized way, but with fewer rights than the main wife. It was a custom of the time that the Bible tells without making it a model.

Where else “pilagshim” appears
he had leftהִנִּיחַhiniach

leave

To leave something where it is and not take it away; not to hinder.

Where else “hiniach” appears
to keepשְׁמֹרshemor

guard

To watch over, protect from all harm.

Where else “shemor” appears
and put themיִּתְּנֵyitne

make

To make someone something: "I have made you a father".

Where else “yitne” appears
under guardמִשְׁמֶרֶתmishmeret

watch

A group of men who keep watch or serve in turns.

Where else “mishmeret” appears
he provided for themיְכַלְכְּלֵyechalkle

provide for

To feed someone, keep them alive.

Where else “yechalkle” appears
So they wereתִּהְיֶינָהtihyena

be

To be: "I will be their Elohim".

Where else “tihyena” appears
shut upצְרֻרוֹתtserurot

distress

To be in a tight spot, or to leave others no way out, like a besieged city.

Where else “tserurot” appears
the dayיוֹםyom

day

The day, the hours of light, or a whole day.

Where else “yom” appears
of their deathמֻתָmuta

death

The end of life: when someone stops breathing and returns to dust.

Where else “muta” appears
in widowhoodאַלְמְנוּתalmnut

widowhood

Widowhood: the state of being a widow.

Where else “almnut” appears
for lifeחַיּוּתchayut

life

Life; the fact of being alive. It appears only once in the Bible, in the phrase "widowhood of life" (2 Samuel 20:3): living as a widow while the husband is alive.

Where else “chayut” appears

Translation note

These are the concubines of 15:16 and 16:21-22. “Widowhood for life” is literally “widowhood of life”: they lived as widows although the king was alive.

Places in this verse

Jerusalem
Approximate location. A “?” means it is not known for sure where it was.
  • Jerusalem

    Today: Old City of Jerusalem

    A city in the hills of Judea, about 22 miles (35 km) west of the Dead Sea and 35 miles (55 km) east of the Mediterranean.

    David took it and made it his city (2 Sam 5:7); Solomon built the temple there (1 Kgs 8:1). Jesus was presented there, and the apostles' witness began from it (Luke 2:22; Acts 1:8).

    2 Samuel 5:61 Kings 8:1Luke 2:22Acts 1:8

The context

2So all the men of Israel went up from after David and after Sheba son of Bichri; but the men of Judah clung to their king from the Jordan to Jerusalem.

3 · This verse (above)

4The king said to Amasa, “Call out for me the men of Judah within three days, and you be present here.”

Read all of 2 Samuel 20

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