Isaiah 1:4

“Woe, sinful nation, people weighed down with iniquity, offspring of evildoers, children who act corruptly! They have abandoned YHWH, they have spurned the Holy One of Israel, they have turned away backward.”

Isaiah 1:4 · direct translation from the Hebrew
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With the Hebrew beneath

4

Isaiah 1:4, word by word

Woeהוֹיhoy

woe

A cry of grief for the dead or a warning of disaster.

Where else “hoy” appears
sinfulחֹטֵאchote

sin

To do wrong, fail God or another.

Where else “chote” appears
nationגּוֹיgoy

nation

A people with their land; also Israel.

Where else “goy” appears
peopleעַםam

crowd

The people gathered in a place: the crowd, or the troops that go out to war.

Where else “am” appears
weighed downכֶּבֶדkeved

heavy

That weighs much and is hard to carry.

Where else “keved” appears
with iniquityעָוֺןavon

iniquity

A serious wrong.

Where else “avon” appears
offspringזֶרַעzera

offspring

The children, grandchildren and whole line that come from someone.

Where else “zera” appears
of evildoersמְרֵעִיםmereim

do evil

To harm someone; evildoers.

Where else “mereim” appears
childrenבָּנִיםbanim

son

The male born of a father and mother; in the plural, also sons and daughters.

Where else “banim” appears
who act corruptlyמַשְׁחִיתִיםmashchitim

corrupt

To spoil: to stop being useful, or to turn from good and become wicked.

Where else “mashchitim” appears
They have abandonedעָזְבוּazvu

forsake

To turn one's back on YHWH, someone or a place.

Where else “azvu” appears
YHWHיְהוָהyehva

YHWH

The personal name of the God of Israel, written in Hebrew with four letters, Y-H-W-H, without vowels. Out of reverence Jews stopped pronouncing it and read "Adonai" (Lord), so many Bibles put "the LORD" or "Jehovah". This translation keeps the four letters. The name is related to the verb "to be" (Exodus 3:14-15). He is not a god other than Elohim: "YHWH Elohim" is the same Creator God, called by his name.

Where else “yehva” appears
they have spurnedנִאֲצוּniatsu

despise

To turn away with scorn, as from YHWH.

Where else “niatsu” appears
the Holy Oneקְדוֹשׁkedosh

Holy One

God, the one wholly set apart and pure, God of Israel.

Where else “kedosh” appears
of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵלyisrael

Israel

Israel, the new name Jacob received from God, explained as "you have striven with God" (Genesis 32:28); then the name of the people that came from him and, after the division, of the northern kingdom.

Where else “yisrael” appears
they have turned awayנָזֹרוּnazoru

become estranged

To become a stranger to someone.

Where else “nazoru” appears
backwardאָחוֹרachor

behind

The part behind something or someone, the side not seen from the front.

Where else “achor” appears

The context

3The ox knows its owner, and the donkey the manger of its master; Israel does not know, my people does not understand.

4 · This verse (above)

5Why will you be struck again, that you keep adding rebellion? The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.

Read all of Isaiah 1

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