Sheolשְׁאוֹלbelowמִתַּחַתis stirred upרָגְזָהfor youלְךָto meetלִקְרַאתyour coming;בּוֹאֶךָit rousesעוֹרֵרfor youלְךָthe shades,רְפָאִיםallכָּלthe male goatsעַתּוּדֵיof the earth;אָרֶץit makes riseהֵקִיםfrom their thronesמִכִּסְאוֹתָםallכֹּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof the nations.גוֹיִם
Isaiah 14:9
Study it in the app“Sheol below is stirred up for you to meet your coming; it rouses for you the shades, all the male goats of the earth; it makes rise from their thrones all the kings of the nations.”
With the Hebrew beneath
Isaiah 14:9, word by word
- Sheolשְׁאוֹלsheol
Sheol
Sheol: in the Old Testament, the place of the dead, the grave, where all go down at death.
Where else “sheol” appears- is stirred upרָגְזָהragza
tremble
For the body or the earth to shake from fear, pain or a very great force.
Where else “ragza” appears- to meetקְרַאתkerat
meet
To go out to greet someone who arrives, in order to receive him.
Where else “kerat” appears- your comingבּוֹאֶboe
come
To come, arrive: "days are coming".
Where else “boe” appears- it rousesעוֹרֵרorer
awake
To rouse from sleep or inactivity; in prayer, to ask God to act.
Where else “orer” appears- the shadesרְפָאִיםrefaim
shades, the dead
The shades: the dead who are in Sheol. Only plural. It is a different word, though spelled the same, from the one that names the ancient people of the Rephaim.
Where else “refaim” appears- the male goatsעַתּוּדֵיatude
leader
A leader or chief, so called after the male that goes before the flock.
Where else “atude” appears- of the earthאָרֶץarets
earth
The whole world, everything under the sky.
Where else “arets” appears- it makes riseהֵקִיםhekim
establish
To put something up, or confirm a covenant.
Where else “hekim” appears- from their thronesכִּסְאוֹתָkisota
throne
Literally "the seat": the king's chair, or YHWH's, from which he rules.
Where else “kisota” appears- the kingsמַלְכֵיmalche
king
A king who rules a people.
Where else “malche” appears- of the nationsגוֹיִםgoyim
Gentiles
The peoples other than Israel.
Where else “goyim” appears
Translation note
“Male goats” (עַתּוּדֵי אָרֶץ): an image of the leaders, who go in front like the male goat in front of the flock.
The context
8Even the cypresses rejoice over you, the cedars of Lebanon: ‘Since you lay down, no woodcutter comes up against us.’
9 · This verse (above)
10All of them will answer and say to you, ‘You too have been made weak as we are; you have become like us.’