NowδὲinἘνthe fifteenthπεντεκαιδεκάτῳyearἔτειof the reignτῆς ἡγεμονίαςof TiberiusΤιβερίουCaesar,Καίσαροςwhen PontiusΠοντίουPilateΠιλάτουwas governorἡγεμονεύοντοςof Judea,τῆς ἸουδαίαςandκαὶHerodἩρῴδουtetrarchτετρααρχοῦντοςof Galilee,τῆς Γαλιλαίαςandδὲhis brotherτοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦPhilipΦιλίππουtetrarchτετρααρχοῦντοςof the regionχώραςof Ituraeaτῆς ἸτουραίαςandκαὶTrachonitis,ΤραχωνίτιδοςandκαὶLysaniasΛυσανίουtetrarchτετρααρχοῦντοςof Abilene,τῆς Ἀβιληνῆς
Luke 3:1
Study it in the app“Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene,”
With the Greek beneath
Luke 3:1, word by word
- the fifteenthπεντεκαιδεκάτῳpentekaidekatōi
fifteenth
Fifteenth.
Where else “pentekaidekatōi” appears- yearἔτειetei
year
Year.
Where else “etei” appears- of the reignἡγεμονίαςhēgemonias
reign
Reign, rule, the government of a ruler.
Where else “hēgemonias” appears- of TiberiusΤιβερίουTiberiou
Tiberius
Tiberius, Roman emperor from A.D. 14 to 37.
Where else “Tiberiou” appears- CaesarΚαίσαροςKaisaros
Caesar
Caesar: the title of the Roman emperor.
Where else “Kaisaros” appears- when PontiusΠοντίουPontiou
Pontius
Pontius: Pilate's family name.
Where else “Pontiou” appears- PilateΠιλάτουPilatou
Pilate
Pilate: Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea.
Where else “Pilatou” appears- was governorἡγεμονεύοντοςhēgemoneuontos
be governor
Be governor of a province.
Where else “hēgemoneuontos” appears- of JudeaἸουδαίαςIoudaias
Judea
See it on the mapWhere else “Ioudaias” appears- HerodἩρῴδουHērōidou
Herod
Herod, the name of several rulers of one family under Rome: Herod the Great, king of Judea when Jesus was born; his son Herod Antipas, who ruled Galilee; and his grandson Herod Agrippa I.
Where else “Hērōidou” appears- tetrarchτετρααρχοῦντοςtetraarchountos
be tetrarch
Be tetrarch: rule over part of a territory as a minor ruler.
Where else “tetraarchountos” appears- of GalileeΓαλιλαίαςGalilaias
Galilee
See it on the mapWhere else “Galilaias” appears- his brotherἀδελφοῦadelphou
brother
A man born of the same parents as another, or of the same family.
Where else “adelphou” appears- PhilipΦιλίππουPhilippou
Philip
Philip, the name of several men: one of the Twelve; Philip the evangelist (Acts 6:5; 8; 21:8); Philip the tetrarch, son of Herod (Luke 3:1); and the brother of Herod Antipas, Herodias' husband (Mark 6:17).
Where else “Philippou” appears- of the regionχώραςchōras
region
A region, a country.
Where else “chōras” appears- of IturaeaἸτουραίαςItouraias
Iturean
Iturean, of Iturea: a region northeast of Galilee.
Where else “Itouraias” appears- TrachonitisΤραχωνίτιδοςTrachōnitidos
Trachonitis
Trachonitis, a region east of the Jordan.
Where else “Trachōnitidos” appears- LysaniasΛυσανίουLysaniou
Lysanias
Lysanias, tetrarch of Abilene.
Where else “Lysaniou” appears- of AbileneἈβιληνῆςAbilēnēs
Abilene
Abilene, a region northwest of Damascus.
Where else “Abilēnēs” appears
Translation note
Tiberius was emperor from AD 14; his fifteenth year falls around 28-29. A tetrarch governed part of a territory under Rome.
Parallel passages
Other books that tell the same thing or quote these words.
The preaching of John the Immerser
See them side by side
Luke 3:1-18
1Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene, 2under the high priest Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John, the son of Zechariah, in the wilderness. 3And he went into all the region around the Jordan, proclaiming an immersion of change of mind for the forgiveness of sins, 4as it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet, “A voice of one crying out in the wilderness: Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. 5Every ravine will be filled, and every mountain and hill will be brought low; and the crooked places will become straight, and the rough places smooth roads; 6and all flesh will see the salvation of God.” 7So he was saying to the crowds that were coming out to be immersed by him, “Brood of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8So produce fruits worthy of the change of mind, and do not begin to say within yourselves: We have Abraham as father. For I tell you that God is able from these stones to raise up children for Abraham. 9And even now the ax is laid at the root of the trees; so every tree that does not produce good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.” 10And the crowds were asking him, saying, “What then should we do?” 11And in answer he was saying to them, “Whoever has two tunics, let him share with the one who does not have any; and whoever has food, let him do the same.” 12And tax collectors also came to be immersed, and they said to him, “Teacher, what should we do?” 13And he said to them, “Collect nothing more than what has been prescribed for you.” 14And soldiers also were asking him, saying, “And we, what should we do?” And he said to them, “Extort money from no one and do not accuse anyone falsely, and be content with your wages.” 15Now as the people were in expectation and all were wondering in their hearts about John, whether perhaps he might be the Messiah, 16John answered, saying to all, “I immerse you in water; but the one stronger than I is coming, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie; he will immerse you in the Holy Spirit and fire. 17His winnowing fork is in his hand to clear out his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his barn, but the chaff he will burn up with unquenchable fire.” 18So, with many other exhortations as well, he was proclaiming the good news to the people.
1In those days John the Immerser appears, proclaiming in the wilderness of Judea 2and saying, “Change your minds, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.” 3For this is the one spoken of through Isaiah the prophet, when he says, “A voice of one crying out in the wilderness: ‘Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.’” 4Now John himself had his clothing made of camel’s hair and a leather belt around his waist; and his food was locusts and wild honey. 5Then Jerusalem and all Judea and all the region around the Jordan were going out to him, 6and they were being immersed in the Jordan River by him, confessing their sins. 7But seeing many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his immersion, he said to them, “Offspring of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8So produce fruit worthy of change of mind, 9and do not presume to say within yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father,’ for I tell you that God is able from these stones to raise up children for Abraham. 10And already the ax is laid at the root of the trees; so every tree that does not produce good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 11I immerse you in water for change of mind, but the one who comes after me is stronger than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry; he will immerse you in the Holy Spirit and fire. 12His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor and gather his wheat into the barn, but the chaff he will burn up with unquenchable fire.”
1The beginning of the good news of Jesus the Messiah, Son of God. 2As it is written in Isaiah the prophet, “Look, I am sending my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way; 3a voice of one crying out in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.’” 4John the Immerser appeared in the wilderness, proclaiming an immersion of change of mind for the forgiveness of sins. 5And all the Judean countryside and all the people of Jerusalem were going out to him, and they were being immersed by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins. 6And John was clothed in camel’s hair and wore a leather belt around his waist, and he ate locusts and wild honey. 7And he was proclaiming, saying, “After me comes the one stronger than I, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and untie. 8I immersed you in water, but he will immerse you in the Holy Spirit.”
Places in this verse
1Judea
Today: southern Israel and West Bank, Judean hills
The southern region of Israel, including Jerusalem; in Jesus' time it was a Roman province.
Jesus was born there, and John the Immerser preached there (Matt 2:1; 3:1). Jesus told his disciples to be witnesses in Judea (Acts 1:8).
2Galilee
Today: northern Israel, around the Sea of Galilee
The northern region of Israel, around the Sea of Galilee.
Most of Jesus' ministry took place there; he taught, healed and called his disciples (Matt 4:23; Mark 1:14).
The context
1 · This verse (above)
2under the high priest Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John, the son of Zechariah, in the wilderness.
To study Luke 3 in a group
1. What it says
What does John answer the crowds, the tax collectors and the soldiers when they ask what they should do? (vv. 10-14)
2. What it means
Why does John say it is not enough to claim “We have Abraham as our father”? What does he ask for instead? (vv. 7-9)
3. How I live it
John asked for concrete actions: sharing, being fair, being content. Which one could you practice today at work or at home?