Luke 3:1

“Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene,”

Luke 3:1 · direct translation from the Greek
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With the Greek beneath

1

Luke 3:1, word by word

the fifteenthπεντεκαιδεκάτῳpentekaidekatōi

fifteenth

Fifteenth.

Where else “pentekaidekatōi” appears
yearἔτειetei

year

Year.

Where else “etei” appears
of the reignἡγεμονίαςhēgemonias

reign

Reign, rule, the government of a ruler.

Where else “hēgemonias” appears
of TiberiusΤιβερίουTiberiou

Tiberius

Tiberius, Roman emperor from A.D. 14 to 37.

Where else “Tiberiou” appears
CaesarΚαίσαροςKaisaros

Caesar

Caesar: the title of the Roman emperor.

Where else “Kaisaros” appears
when PontiusΠοντίουPontiou

Pontius

Pontius: Pilate's family name.

Where else “Pontiou” appears
PilateΠιλάτουPilatou

Pilate

Pilate: Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea.

Where else “Pilatou” appears
was governorἡγεμονεύοντοςhēgemoneuontos

be governor

Be governor of a province.

Where else “hēgemoneuontos” appears
of JudeaἸουδαίαςIoudaias

Judea

See it on the mapWhere else “Ioudaias” appears
HerodἩρῴδουHērōidou

Herod

Herod, the name of several rulers of one family under Rome: Herod the Great, king of Judea when Jesus was born; his son Herod Antipas, who ruled Galilee; and his grandson Herod Agrippa I.

Where else “Hērōidou” appears
tetrarchτετρααρχοῦντοςtetraarchountos

be tetrarch

Be tetrarch: rule over part of a territory as a minor ruler.

Where else “tetraarchountos” appears
of GalileeΓαλιλαίαςGalilaias

Galilee

See it on the mapWhere else “Galilaias” appears
his brotherἀδελφοῦadelphou

brother

A man born of the same parents as another, or of the same family.

Where else “adelphou” appears
PhilipΦιλίππουPhilippou

Philip

Philip, the name of several men: one of the Twelve; Philip the evangelist (Acts 6:5; 8; 21:8); Philip the tetrarch, son of Herod (Luke 3:1); and the brother of Herod Antipas, Herodias' husband (Mark 6:17).

Where else “Philippou” appears
of the regionχώραςchōras

region

A region, a country.

Where else “chōras” appears
of IturaeaἸτουραίαςItouraias

Iturean

Iturean, of Iturea: a region northeast of Galilee.

Where else “Itouraias” appears
TrachonitisΤραχωνίτιδοςTrachōnitidos

Trachonitis

Trachonitis, a region east of the Jordan.

Where else “Trachōnitidos” appears
LysaniasΛυσανίουLysaniou

Lysanias

Lysanias, tetrarch of Abilene.

Where else “Lysaniou” appears
of AbileneἈβιληνῆςAbilēnēs

Abilene

Abilene, a region northwest of Damascus.

Where else “Abilēnēs” appears

Translation note

Tiberius was emperor from AD 14; his fifteenth year falls around 28-29. A tetrarch governed part of a territory under Rome.

Parallel passages

Other books that tell the same thing or quote these words.

The preaching of John the Immerser

Matthew 3:1-12Mark 1:1-8

See them side by side

Luke 3:1-18

1Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene, 2under the high priest Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John, the son of Zechariah, in the wilderness. 3And he went into all the region around the Jordan, proclaiming an immersion of change of mind for the forgiveness of sins, 4as it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet, “A voice of one crying out in the wilderness: Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. 5Every ravine will be filled, and every mountain and hill will be brought low; and the crooked places will become straight, and the rough places smooth roads; 6and all flesh will see the salvation of God.” 7So he was saying to the crowds that were coming out to be immersed by him, “Brood of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8So produce fruits worthy of the change of mind, and do not begin to say within yourselves: We have Abraham as father. For I tell you that God is able from these stones to raise up children for Abraham. 9And even now the ax is laid at the root of the trees; so every tree that does not produce good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.” 10And the crowds were asking him, saying, “What then should we do?” 11And in answer he was saying to them, “Whoever has two tunics, let him share with the one who does not have any; and whoever has food, let him do the same.” 12And tax collectors also came to be immersed, and they said to him, “Teacher, what should we do?” 13And he said to them, “Collect nothing more than what has been prescribed for you.” 14And soldiers also were asking him, saying, “And we, what should we do?” And he said to them, “Extort money from no one and do not accuse anyone falsely, and be content with your wages.” 15Now as the people were in expectation and all were wondering in their hearts about John, whether perhaps he might be the Messiah, 16John answered, saying to all, “I immerse you in water; but the one stronger than I is coming, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie; he will immerse you in the Holy Spirit and fire. 17His winnowing fork is in his hand to clear out his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his barn, but the chaff he will burn up with unquenchable fire.” 18So, with many other exhortations as well, he was proclaiming the good news to the people.

Matthew 3:1-12

1In those days John the Immerser appears, proclaiming in the wilderness of Judea 2and saying, “Change your minds, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.” 3For this is the one spoken of through Isaiah the prophet, when he says, “A voice of one crying out in the wilderness: ‘Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.’” 4Now John himself had his clothing made of camel’s hair and a leather belt around his waist; and his food was locusts and wild honey. 5Then Jerusalem and all Judea and all the region around the Jordan were going out to him, 6and they were being immersed in the Jordan River by him, confessing their sins. 7But seeing many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his immersion, he said to them, “Offspring of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8So produce fruit worthy of change of mind, 9and do not presume to say within yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father,’ for I tell you that God is able from these stones to raise up children for Abraham. 10And already the ax is laid at the root of the trees; so every tree that does not produce good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 11I immerse you in water for change of mind, but the one who comes after me is stronger than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry; he will immerse you in the Holy Spirit and fire. 12His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor and gather his wheat into the barn, but the chaff he will burn up with unquenchable fire.”

Mark 1:1-8

1The beginning of the good news of Jesus the Messiah, Son of God. 2As it is written in Isaiah the prophet, “Look, I am sending my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way; 3a voice of one crying out in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.’” 4John the Immerser appeared in the wilderness, proclaiming an immersion of change of mind for the forgiveness of sins. 5And all the Judean countryside and all the people of Jerusalem were going out to him, and they were being immersed by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins. 6And John was clothed in camel’s hair and wore a leather belt around his waist, and he ate locusts and wild honey. 7And he was proclaiming, saying, “After me comes the one stronger than I, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and untie. 8I immersed you in water, but he will immerse you in the Holy Spirit.”

Places in this verse

JerusalemMediterranean SeaJudeaGalilee
Approximate location. A “?” means it is not known for sure where it was.
  • 1Judea

    Today: southern Israel and West Bank, Judean hills

    The southern region of Israel, including Jerusalem; in Jesus' time it was a Roman province.

    Jesus was born there, and John the Immerser preached there (Matt 2:1; 3:1). Jesus told his disciples to be witnesses in Judea (Acts 1:8).

    Matthew 2:1Matthew 3:1Acts 1:8Luke 1:5

  • 2Galilee

    Today: northern Israel, around the Sea of Galilee

    The northern region of Israel, around the Sea of Galilee.

    Most of Jesus' ministry took place there; he taught, healed and called his disciples (Matt 4:23; Mark 1:14).

    Isaiah 9:1Matthew 4:23Mark 1:14Luke 4:14

The context

1 · This verse (above)

2under the high priest Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John, the son of Zechariah, in the wilderness.

Read all of Luke 3

To study Luke 3 in a group

  1. 1. What it says

    What does John answer the crowds, the tax collectors and the soldiers when they ask what they should do? (vv. 10-14)

  2. 2. What it means

    Why does John say it is not enough to claim “We have Abraham as our father”? What does he ask for instead? (vv. 7-9)

  3. 3. How I live it

    John asked for concrete actions: sharing, being fair, being content. Which one could you practice today at work or at home?

How to use it