Ecclesiastes 12:1–7
The Preacher: remember your Creator in your youth, before the spirit returns to Elohim
Study it word by word1And remember your Creator in the days of your young manhood, before the days of evil come and years arrive of which you will say, “I have no delight in them”;
2before the sun is darkened, and the light, and the moon and the stars, and the clouds return after the rain;
3on the day when the keepers of the house tremble, and the men of vigor stoop, and those who grind cease because they are few, and those who look through the windows grow dark,
4and the doors on the street are shut, when the sound of the mill is low, and one rises at the voice of the bird, and all the daughters of song are brought low;
5also of what is high they are afraid, and terrors are in the way; and the almond tree blossoms, and the grasshopper grows heavy, and the caper fails, because the human being is going to his eternal house, and the mourners go around in the street;
6before the silver cord is snapped, and the golden bowl is crushed, and the jar is shattered at the spring, and the wheel is broken at the cistern;
7and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the spirit returns to Elohim who gave it.
In its context
…
8“Vapor of vapors,” says Qohelet; “everything is vapor.”
9And besides that Qohelet was wise, he also taught the people knowledge, and he weighed and searched out; he arranged many proverbs.
Its words in the original
- זְכֹרzechor· remember
Remember, call to mind; also mention. When God "remembers" someone, it is not that he had forgotten: it means he acts in his favor.
- בּוֹרְאֶיbore· create
Create: make something new exist. In its basic form this verb is used in the Hebrew Bible only when God is the one acting. In other forms it means "clear, cut down" (a forest) or "fatten".
- ימֵיyme· day
Day: the hours of light, or a whole day from one evening to the next. Also an indefinite time or age ("in the day that...", "in those days").
- בְּחוּרֹתֶיbechurote· youth
Youth.
- יָבֹאוּyavou· come, go in, bring
Come, arrive, go in, enter. In the causative form, "bring" or "carry in". "Go in to" a woman is to have marital relations with her.
- רָעָהraa· evil, bad, harm
Bad; evil. It includes what is morally wrong and also what does harm: misfortune, disaster, distress.
- הִגִּיעוּhigiu· touch
Touch; also reach, or strike.
- שָׁנִיםshanim· year
Year.
- תֹּאמַרtomar· say
Say, speak. The most common verb for bringing in what someone says; sometimes "think" (say to oneself) or "command".
- חֵפֶץchefets· delight, desire, matter
Delight, pleasure, desire: what pleases someone. It can also be a valuable thing or a matter, an affair.
- תֶחְשַׁךְtechshach· grow dark
Grow dark; darken.
- שֶּׁמֶשׁshemesh· sun
Sun.
- אוֹרor· light
Light: daylight, the light of a lamp or of the heavenly bodies. Figuratively, life, joy or well-being.
- יָּרֵחַyareach· moon
Moon.
- כּוֹכָבִיםkochavim· star
Star.
- שָׁבוּshavu· return, turn back
Turn back, return. Also turn away; in the causative form, bring back, give back, answer. Figuratively, turn back to God (change course). Often adverbial: "again".
- עָבִיםavim· thick cloud
Thick, dark cloud.
- גָּשֶׁםgashem· heavy rain
Heavy rain, downpour.
- יָּזֻעוּyazuu· tremble
To tremble, to be shaken with fear or respect before someone.
- שֹׁמְרֵיshomre· keep, guard
Keep: watch over, guard, protect; also keep a command or a covenant, observe.
- בַּיִתbayit· house, household
House. Also the family that lives in it ("the house of Noah") and someone's descendants ("the house of David"); also a temple, "the house of God".
- הִתְעַוְּתוּhitavtu· pervert, make crooked
To bend, to pervert; to make what is straight crooked. Said above all of justice and right.
- אַנְשֵׁיanshe· man, husband, each
Man, male; with a possessive, husband. Also "each one", "anyone". It is "ish", distinct from "adam" (human being); it is used for the man in contrast with the woman ("ishah").
- חָיִלchayil· strength; wealth, army
Strength, ability; depending on the passage, wealth, an army, or valor.
- בָטְלוּvatlu· cease
To cease, to stop working.
- טֹּחֲנוֹתtochanot· grind
Grind.
- מִעֵטוּmietu· be few, too small
Be few, be too small for something; make few, reduce.
- רֹאוֹתroot· see
See. Also look, observe, notice, consider; in some forms, "appear" or "show".
- אֲרֻבּוֹתarubot· window, floodgate
Window, lattice, floodgate. "The floodgates of the heavens" is the image of a torrential rain.
- סֻגְּרוּsugru· shut, shut in
Shut, close. Also shut someone in, isolate for some days; hand over to an enemy.
- דְלָתַיִםdelatayim· door
Door: the leaf that closes an entrance.
- שּׁוּקshuk· street
A street of a city.
- שְׁפַלshefal· low, humble
Low, sunken; of a person, humble or lowly.
- קוֹלkol· voice, sound
Voice or sound: what is heard, from a person, an animal or a thing (thunder, steps).
- טַּחֲנָהtachana· mill
A hand mill for grinding grain.
- יָקוּםyakum· rise, stand, establish
Rise, stand up; also stand firm, establish or fulfill something. "Rise against" is to attack.
- צִּפּוֹרtsipor· bird
Bird, small bird.
- יִשַּׁחוּyishachu· bow down, sink
To bow down, to sink, to be brought low.
- בְּנוֹתbenot· daughter
Daughter; also granddaughter. In the plural, also the women of a people or place ("daughters of Canaan"); "daughter of Zion" stands for a city and its people.
- שִּׁירshir· song
Song, singing.
- גָּבֹהַּgavoha· high, tall
High, tall, lofty; also proud.
- יִרָאוּyirau· fear
Fear. It can be fright before a danger or deep reverence before God ("fear YHWH"). In some forms, be fearsome, awesome.
- חַתְחַתִּיםchatchatim· terror
Terror, sudden fright.
- דֶּרֶךְderech· way
Way, road, journey. Figuratively, the way one lives or acts.
- יָנֵאץyanets· spurn, despise
Spurn, treat with contempt.
- שָּׁקֵדshaked· almond
Almond; almond tree.
- יִסְתַּבֵּלyistabel· carry, bear a load
Carry a load, bear a burden.
- חָגָבchagav· grasshopper
Grasshopper, a small locust.
- תָפֵרtafer· break, annul
Break, annul, frustrate; break a covenant, fail to keep it.
- אֲבִיּוֹנָהaviyona· caper berry
Caper berry, a fruit that stirs up the appetite.
- הֹלֵךְholech· go, walk
Go, walk, come. Figuratively, the way one lives ("walk with God").
- אָדָםadam· human being, man, Adam
The Hebrew word "adam". It has three uses: (1) humanity in general, men and women alike: "human beings" (Genesis 1:27); (2) a particular man; in Genesis 2-4, the first man, "the man"; (3) the personal name of that first man, "Adam". In Hebrew "adam" sounds like "adamah", the ground he was formed from (Genesis 2:7).
- עוֹלָמolam· forever, eternal
A very long time whose end cannot be seen: looking forward, "forever"; looking back, "of old", "ancient".
- סָבְבוּsavvu· go around, surround
Go around, turn around; surround.
- סֹּפְדִיםsofdim· mourn, lament
Mourn, lament: wail over the dead with the customary signs of grief, such as beating the breast.
- יֵרָתֵקyeratek· tie, snap
To tie; (of a cord) to be snapped or broken.
- חֶבֶלchevel· region, cord, pain
In its first sense a cord, especially a measuring line; from there a region or portion measured with it; also a snare, a band of people, or the pains of birth.
- כֶּסֶףkesef· silver, money
Silver. Since payment was made by weighing silver, the word also means "money".
- תָרֻץtaruts· crush; struggle
Crush, oppress, break in pieces; of twins in the womb, struggle and push against each other.
- גֻּלַּתgulat· spring, bowl
A spring of water; also a bowl or a round thing.
- זָּהָבzahav· gold
Gold.
- תִשָּׁבֶרtishaver· break
Break, shatter; break down.
- כַּדkad· jar
Jar: an earthen vessel for carrying water or keeping flour.
- מַּבּוּעַmabua· spring
A spring, a source of water.
- גַּלְגַּלgalgal· wheel, whirl
A wheel; also a whirlwind, or what the wind whirls around (dust, chaff).
- בּוֹרbor· pit, cistern
Pit or cistern dug to keep rainwater; when empty, it served as a prison; also the grave.
- עָפָרafar· dust
Dust, loose dry earth; also the plaster that covers walls. It recalls what the human being is made of: "you are dust, and to dust you will return" (Genesis 3:19).
- אָרֶץarets· earth, land
The earth, in two senses: the whole world in contrast with the heavens, or a particular country or region ("the land of Egypt").
- הָיָהhaya· be, become, happen
Be, exist; also "become" or "happen". It is the verb of "there was", "it was" and "it came to pass".
- רוּחַruach· spirit, wind, breath
The basic idea is "air in motion". The same word can be "wind"; "breath", the air that is breathed and keeps life; or "spirit": the mood or inner strength of a person, or the Spirit of God, his presence and power at work.
- אֱלֹהִיםelohim· Elohim, God, gods
The Hebrew word usually translated "God". This translation keeps "Elohim" when it speaks of the one true God, the Creator, the God of Israel. The word ends like a plural, but it does not mean several: for him the verb is singular ("Elohim created"); the plural form expresses greatness. The same word as a common noun names the "gods" of other peoples, and there it is a true plural, translated "gods". It is also used of mighty ones or judges.
- נְתָנָnetana· give, put, set
Give, in a very wide sense: hand over, put, place, grant, allow, make something be.