Zephaniah 2:9

“Therefore, as I live, declares YHWH Tsevaot, the Elohim of Israel, surely Moab will be like Sodom, and the sons of Ammon like Gomorrah, a possession of nettles and a pit of salt, and a desolation forever; the remnant of my people will plunder them, and the rest of my nation will inherit them.””

Zephaniah 2:9 · direct translation from the Hebrew
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With the Hebrew beneath

9

Zephaniah 2:9, word by word

as I liveחַיchay

alive

Having life, not dead.

Where else “chay” appears
declaresנְאֻםneum

declaration

Solemn words God himself speaks: "oracle of YHWH".

Where else “neum” appears
YHWHיְהוָהyehva

YHWH

The personal name of the God of Israel, written in Hebrew with four letters, Y-H-W-H, without vowels. Out of reverence Jews stopped pronouncing it and read "Adonai" (Lord), so many Bibles put "the LORD" or "Jehovah". This translation keeps the four letters. The name is related to the verb "to be" (Exodus 3:14-15). He is not a god other than Elohim: "YHWH Elohim" is the same Creator God, called by his name.

Where else “yehva” appears
Tsevaotצְבָאוֹתtsevaot

Tsevaot

A name of God: the one who commands the armies of heaven and earth.

Where else “tsevaot” appears
the Elohimאֱלֹהֵיelohe

Elohim

The one true God, the Creator; the word is plural but means one.

Where else “elohe” appears
of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵלyisrael

Israel

Israel, the new name Jacob received from God, explained as "you have striven with God" (Genesis 32:28); then the name of the people that came from him and, after the division, of the northern kingdom.

Where else “yisrael” appears
will beתִּהְיֶהtihye

be

To be: "I will be their Elohim".

Where else “tihye” appears
and the sonsבְנֵיvene

descendant

A descendant or member of a people: "sons of Israel".

Where else “vene” appears
of Ammonעַמּוֹןamon

Ammon

See it on the mapWhere else “amon” appears
like Gomorrahעֲמֹרָהamora

Gomorrah

See it on the mapWhere else “amora” appears
a possessionמִמְשַׁקmimshak

possession

A possession, what one holds as one's own.

Where else “mimshak” appears
of nettlesחָרוּלcharul

nettles, weeds

Nettles or another thorny weed.

Where else “charul” appears
and a pitמִכְרֵהmichre

pit

A pit, such as a salt pit.

Where else “michre” appears
of saltמֶלַחmelach

salt

Salt. "The Salt Sea" is the Dead Sea.

Where else “melach” appears
and a desolationשְׁמָמָהshemama

desolation

Desolation: a land left empty and uncultivated; also horror.

Where else “shemama” appears
foreverעוֹלָםolam

forever

Time without end, beyond what a lifetime can see.

Where else “olam” appears
the remnantשְׁאֵרִיתsheerit

remnant

Remnant: those left alive after a disaster.

Where else “sheerit” appears
of my peopleעַמִּami

Ammi

Israel, YHWH's people: "my people".

Where else “ami” appears
will plunder themיְבָזּוּyevazu

plunder

Plunder, take spoil.

Where else “yevazu” appears
and the restיֶתֶרyeter

rest

What remains after what has been said or done, like a king's other deeds.

Where else “yeter” appears
of my nationגּוֹיִgoyi

nation

A people with their land; also Israel.

Where else “goyi” appears
will inherit themיִנְחָלוּyinchalu

inherit

To receive as one's own what another gives or leaves, above all land.

Where else “yinchalu” appears

Places in this verse

JerusalemDead SeaSodom?Gomorrah?MoabAmmon
Approximate location. A “?” means it is not known for sure where it was.
  • 1Moab

    Today: western Jordan, east of the Dead Sea

    The land east of the Dead Sea, in present-day Jordan.

    The Moabites came from a son of Lot (Gen 19:37). Ruth came from Moab (Ruth 1:1-4), and Moses died in its territory (Deut 34:5).

    Genesis 19:37Ruth 1:1Numbers 22:1Deuteronomy 34:5

  • 2Sodom ?

    Today: disputed; perhaps south or northeast of the Dead Sea

    A city of the Jordan plain; its site is not known for certain, perhaps near the Dead Sea.

    Its people were very wicked (Gen 13:13). God destroyed it with fire, and saved Lot (Gen 19:24-25).

    Genesis 19:24Genesis 13:13Genesis 18:20Matthew 10:15

  • 3Ammon

    Today: Amman (Rabbah) and surroundings, Jordan

    The land east of the Jordan around Rabbah (present-day Amman, Jordan).

    The Ammonites came from a son of Lot (Gen 19:38). Jephthah defeated them (Judg 11:32-33) and David took their capital (2 Sam 12:26).

    Genesis 19:38Judges 11:42 Samuel 10:62 Samuel 12:26

  • 4Gomorrah ?

    Today: disputed; near the Dead Sea

    A city of the Jordan plain, next to Sodom; its site is not known for certain.

    God destroyed it together with Sodom for its great sin (Gen 18:20; 19:24).

    Genesis 19:24Genesis 18:20Genesis 14:10

The context

8“I have heard the reproach of Moab and the revilings of the sons of Ammon, with which they reproached my people and made themselves great against their territory.

9 · This verse (above)

10This will be theirs in place of their pride, because they reproached and made themselves great against the people of YHWH Tsevaot.

Read all of Zephaniah 2

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