Matthew 12:39

“But he answered and said to them, “An evil and adulterous generation seeks a sign, and no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah the prophet.”

Matthew 12:39 · direct translation from the Greek
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His sign: as Jonah was in the sea monster, he will be three days and three nights in the earthThe Resurrection

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39

Matthew 12:39, word by word

answeredἀποκριθεὶςapokritheis

answer

To say something back to the one who spoke or asked.

Where else “apokritheis” appears
and saidεἶπενeipen

say

To express something in words to others.

Where else “eipen” appears
“An evilπονηρὰponēra

evil

One who does or desires evil, opposed to God and the good.

Where else “ponēra” appears
adulterousμοιχαλὶςmoichalis

adulteress

Adulteress: a woman unfaithful to her husband. The prophets use the same image for a people unfaithful to God.

Where else “moichalis” appears
generationΓενεὰGenea

generation

Generation: the people born around the same time, or each step from parent to child in a family.

Where else “Genea” appears
seeksἐπιζητεῖepizētei

seek, strive for

Seek, search for, strive after; also wish for.

Where else “epizētei” appears
a signσημεῖονsēmeion

sign

A miracle that shows God's power.

Where else “sēmeion” appears
will be givenδοθήσεταιdothēsetai

give

To hand something to another freely, as a gift.

Where else “dothēsetai” appears
of JonahἸωνᾶIōna

Jonah

Jonah, the prophet who was three days in the belly of the great fish and preached to Nineveh.

Where else “Iōna” appears
the prophetπροφήτουprophētou

prophet

Someone who speaks for God.

Where else “prophētou” appears

Translation note

“Adulterous” can be understood as unfaithful to God, as in the prophets, who call the people’s idolatry adultery.

Parallel passages

Other books that tell the same thing or quote these words.

The sign of Jonah

Luke 11:29-32

A similar saying; scholars discuss whether it is the same saying in another setting or a repeated one.

See them side by side

Matthew 12:38-42

38Then some of the scribes and Pharisees answered him, saying, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from you.” 39But he answered and said to them, “An evil and adulterous generation seeks a sign, and no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah the prophet. 40For just as Jonah was in the belly of the sea monster three days and three nights, so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights. 41The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, because they changed their minds at the proclamation of Jonah; and look, something greater than Jonah is here. 42The queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and look, something greater than Solomon is here.

Luke 11:29-32

29And as the crowds were gathering, he began to say, “This generation is an evil generation; it seeks a sign, and no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah. 30For just as Jonah became a sign to the Ninevites, so will the Son of Man also be one to this generation. 31The queen of the South will be raised at the judgment with the men of this generation and condemn them, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and look, something greater than Solomon is here. 32The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, because they changed their minds at the proclamation of Jonah, and look, something greater than Jonah is here.

The context

38Then some of the scribes and Pharisees answered him, saying, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from you.”

39 · This verse (above)

40For just as Jonah was in the belly of the sea monster three days and three nights, so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights.

Read all of Matthew 12

To study Matthew 12 in a group

  1. 1. What it says

    How did Jesus answer the Pharisees when they criticized his disciples for picking grain on the Sabbath (vv. 3–8)?

  2. 2. What it means

    What does “I desire mercy, and not sacrifice” mean in Jesus' reply (v. 7)?

  3. 3. How I live it

    Jesus says the mouth speaks from the heart's abundance (v. 34). Which of your words today would you like to guard?

How to use it