Hosea 12:1

“Ephraim feeds on wind, and pursues the east wind; all day he multiplies lies and destruction; and they make a covenant with Assyria, and oil is carried to Egypt.”

Hosea 12:1 · direct translation from the Hebrew
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1

Hosea 12:1, word by word

Ephraimאֶפְרַיִםefrayim

Ephraim

Ephraim, the second son of Joseph; also the tribe that came from him and its land, and later a name of the northern kingdom. The name sounds like "be fruitful".

Where else “efrayim” appears
feeds onרֹעֶהroe

graze

To tend a flock, or eat grass.

Where else “roe” appears
windרוּחַruach

wind

Moving air; also the four quarters of the horizon.

Where else “ruach” appears
and pursuesרֹדֵףrodef

pursue

To go after someone to catch them.

Where else “rodef” appears
the east windקָדִיםkadim

east wind

A hot, dry wind from the desert that scorches plants.

Where else “kadim” appears
dayיּוֹםyom

day

The day, the hours of light, or a whole day.

Where else “yom” appears
he multipliesיַרְבֶּהyarbe

increase

To make an amount larger, adding and adding.

Where else “yarbe” appears
liesכָּזָבkazav

lie, falsehood

A lie, falsehood: what is said or sought and is not true; also something that deceives because it promises and does not deliver.

Where else “kazav” appears
and destructionשֹׁדshod

destruction, violence

Devastation, ruin that comes with violence.

Where else “shod” appears
and they makeיִכְרֹתוּyichrotu

make a covenant

Literally "cut": to seal a solemn agreement, splitting animals.

Where else “yichrotu” appears
a covenantבְרִיתverit

covenant

The commitment God makes with his people, with promises and commands.

Where else “verit” appears
Assyriaאַשּׁוּרashur

Assyria, Asshur

See it on the mapWhere else “ashur” appears
and oilשֶׁמֶןshemen

oil

The fat pressed from olives, for eating, lighting or anointing.

Where else “shemen” appears
is carriedיוּבָלyuval

bring, lead

To bring, to lead; sometimes in a procession, with solemnity.

Where else “yuval” appears
to Egyptמִצְרַיִםmitsrayim

Egypt, Mizraim

See it on the mapWhere else “mitsrayim” appears

Places in this verse

JerusalemMediterranean SeaAssyriaEgypt
Approximate location. A “?” means it is not known for sure where it was.
  • 1Assyria

    Today: northern Iraq (with parts of Syria, Turkey, Iran)

    An empire of northern Mesopotamia along the Tigris River, in present-day Iraq.

    Assyria took the northern kingdom of Israel captive (2 Kgs 17:6). God sent Jonah to preach in Nineveh, its capital (Jonah 3:3).

    2 Kings 17:6Isaiah 10:5Hosea 11:52 Chronicles 33:11

  • 2Egypt

    Today: Egypt (Nile Valley)

    A country in northeast Africa along the Nile River, southwest of Israel.

    Joseph was sold into it, and his family went down to live there (Gen 37:28; 46:6). God brought Israel out of it with a mighty hand (Exod 12:41). The child Jesus fled there with his parents (Matt 2:14).

    Genesis 12:10Genesis 37:28Exodus 12:41Matthew 2:14

The context

1 · This verse (above)

2And YHWH has a dispute with Judah, and he will call Jacob to account according to his ways; according to his deeds he will pay back to him.

Read all of Hosea 12

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