The wordהַדָּבָרthatאֲשֶׁרcameהָיָהto Jeremiahעַל יִרְמְיָהוּconcerning allעַל כָּלthe peopleעַםof Judah,יְהוּדָהin the fourthבַּ הָרְבִעִיתyearשָּׁנָהof Jehoiakimלִיהוֹיָקִיםsonבֶּןof Josiah,יֹאשִׁיָּהוּkingמֶלֶךְof Judahיְהוּדָה—thatהִיאwas the firstהַ הָרִאשֹׁנִיתyearשָּׁנָהof Nebuchadnezzarלִנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּרkingמֶלֶךְof Babylon—בָּבֶל
whichאֲשֶׁרJeremiahיִרְמְיָהוּthe prophetהַנָּבִיאspokeדִּבֶּרto allעַל כָּלthe peopleעַםof Judahיְהוּדָהand to allוְאֶל כָּלthe inhabitantsיֹשְׁבֵיof Jerusalem,יְרוּשָׁלִַםsaying,לֵאמֹר
“From the thirteenthמִן שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵהyearשָׁנָהof Josiahלְיֹאשִׁיָּהוּsonבֶןof Amon,אָמוֹןkingמֶלֶךְof Judah,יְהוּדָהeven toוְעַדthis dayהַיּוֹם הַזֶּה—theseזֶהtwenty-threeשָׁלֹשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִיםyears—שָׁנָהthe wordדְבַרof YHWHיְהוָהhas comeהָיָהto me,אֵלָיand I have spokenוָאֲדַבֵּרto you,אֲלֵיכֶםrising earlyאַשְׁכֵּיםand speaking,וְדַבֵּרbut you have notוְלֹאlistened.שְׁמַעְתֶּם
And YHWHיְהוָהhas sentוְשָׁלַחto youאֲלֵיכֶםallאֶת כָּלhis servantsעֲבָדָיוthe prophets,הַנְּבִאִיםrising earlyהַשְׁכֵּםand sending,וְשָׁלֹחַbut you have notוְלֹאlistened,שְׁמַעְתֶּםnorוְלֹאinclinedהִטִּיתֶםyour earאֶת אָזְנְכֶםto hear,לִשְׁמֹעַ
saying,לֵאמֹר‘Turn back,שׁוּבוּplease,נָאeach oneאִישׁfrom his evil wayמִדַּרְכּוֹ הָרָעָהand from the evilוּמֵרֹעַof your deeds,מַעַלְלֵיכֶםand dwellוּשְׁבוּon the groundעַל הָאֲדָמָהthatאֲשֶׁרYHWHיְהוָהgaveנָתַןto youלָכֶםand to your fathersוְלַאֲבוֹתֵיכֶםfrom of oldלְמִן עוֹלָםand forever.וְעַד עוֹלָם
And do notוְאַלgoתֵּלְכוּafterאַחֲרֵיother godsאֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִיםto serve themלְעָבְדָםand to bow downוּלְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺתto them,לָהֶםand do notוְלֹאprovokeתַכְעִיסוּmeאוֹתִיwith the workבְּמַעֲשֵׂהof your hands,יְדֵיכֶםand I will notוְלֹאdo harmאָרַעto you.’לָכֶם
But you have notוְלֹאlistenedשְׁמַעְתֶּםto me,אֵלַיdeclaresנְאֻםYHWH,יְהוָהso as toלְמַעַןprovoke meהַכְעִיסֵנִיwith the workבְּמַעֲשֵׂהof your handsיְדֵיכֶםto your own harm.לְרַע לָכֶם
Therefore,לָכֵןthusכֹּהsaysאָמַרYHWHיְהוָהTsevaot:צְבָאוֹתBecauseיַעַן אֲשֶׁרyou have notלֹאheardשְׁמַעְתֶּםmy words,אֶת דְּבָרָי
look, Iהִנְנִיam sendingשֹׁלֵחַand will takeוְלָקַחְתִּיallאֶת כָּלthe clansמִשְׁפְּחוֹתof the north,צָפוֹןdeclaresנְאֻםYHWH,יְהוָהand I am sending to Nebuchadnezzarוְאֶל נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּרkingמֶלֶךְof Babylon,בָּבֶלmy servant,עַבְדִּיand I will bring themוַהֲבִאֹתִיםagainst this landעַל הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאתand against its inhabitants,וְעַל יֹשְׁבֶיהָand against allוְעַל כָּלtheseהָאֵלֶּהnationsהַגּוֹיִםaround;סָבִיבand I will devote them to destruction,וְהַחֲרַמְתִּיםand make themוְשַׂמְתִּיםa horrorלְשַׁמָּהand a hissingוְלִשְׁרֵקָהand eternalעוֹלָםruins.וּלְחָרְבוֹת
And I will make perishוְהַאֲבַדְתִּיfrom themמֵהֶםthe voiceקוֹלof joyשָׂשׂוֹןand the voiceוְקוֹלof gladness,שִׂמְחָהthe voiceקוֹלof the bridegroomחָתָןand the voiceוְקוֹלof the bride,כַּלָּהthe soundקוֹלof the millstonesרֵחַיִםand the lightוְאוֹרof the lamp.נֵר
And this wholeוְ כָּל הָ הַזֹּאתlandאָרֶץwill becomeהָיְתָהa ruinלְחָרְבָּהand a horror,לְשַׁמָּהand theseוְ הָאֵלֶּהnationsהַגּוֹיִםwill serveעָבְדוּthe kingאֶת מֶלֶךְof Babylonבָּבֶלseventyשִׁבְעִיםyears.שָׁנָה
And it will be,וְהָיָהwhenכִseventyשִׁבְעִיםyearsשָׁנָהare completed,מְלֹאותI will visitאֶפְקֹדupon the kingעַל מֶלֶךְof Babylonבָּבֶלand upon that nation,וְעַל הַגּוֹי הַהוּאdeclaresנְאֻםYHWH,יְהוָהtheir iniquity,אֶת עֲוֺנָםand upon the landוְעַל אֶרֶץof the Chaldeans;כַּשְׂדִּיםand I will makeוְשַׂמְתִּיitאֹתוֹeternalעוֹלָםdesolations.לְשִׁמְמוֹת
And I will bringוְהֵבֵאתִיupon that landעַל הָאָרֶץ הַהִיאallאֶת כָּלmy wordsדְּבָרַיthatאֲשֶׁרI have spokenדִּבַּרְתִּיagainst it,עָלֶיהָallאֵת כָּלthat is writtenהַכָּתוּבin this book,בַּסֵּפֶר הַזֶּהwhichאֲשֶׁרJeremiahיִרְמְיָהוּprophesiedנִבָּאagainst allעַל כָּלthe nations.הַגּוֹיִם
Forכִּיmanyרַבִּיםnationsגּוֹיִםand greatגְּדוֹלִיםkingsוּמְלָכִיםwill make slavesעָבְדוּof them,בָםthemהֵמָּהtoo;גַּםand I will repayוְשִׁלַּמְתִּיthemלָהֶםaccording to their deedsכְּפָעֳלָםand according to the workוּכְמַעֲשֵׂהof their hands.”יְדֵיהֶם
ForכִּיthusכֹהYHWH,יְהוָהthe Elohimאֱלֹהֵיof Israel,יִשְׂרָאֵלsaidאָמַרto me:אֵלַי“Takeקַחthisהַזֹּאתcupאֶת כּוֹסof the wineהַיַּיִןof furyהַחֵמָהfrom my hand,מִיָּדִיand makeוְallאֶת כָּלthe nationsהַגּוֹיִםdrinkהִשְׁקִיתָהit,אֹתוֹto whomאֲשֶׁר אֲלֵיהֶםIאָנֹכִיam sendingשֹׁלֵחַyou.אוֹתְךָ
And they will drinkוְשָׁתוּand staggerוְהִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּand go madוְהִתְהֹלָלוּbecause ofמִפְּנֵיthe swordהַחֶרֶבthatאֲשֶׁרIאָנֹכִיam sendingשֹׁלֵחַamong them.”בֵּינֹתָם
So I tookוָאֶקַּחthe cupאֶת הַכּוֹסfrom the handמִיַּדof YHWH,יְהוָהand made drinkוָאַשְׁקֶהallאֶת כָּלthe nationsהַגּוֹיִםto whomאֲשֶׁר אֲלֵיהֶםYHWHיְהוָהhad sent me:שְׁלָחַנִי
Jerusalemאֶת יְרוּשָׁלִַםand the citiesוְאֶת עָרֵיof Judah,יְהוּדָהand its kings,וְאֶת מְלָכֶיהָits princes,אֶת שָׂרֶיהָto makeלָתֵתthemאֹתָםa ruin,לְחָרְבָּהa horror,לְשַׁמָּהa hissingלִשְׁרֵקָהand a curse,וְלִקְלָלָהas it is this day;כַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה
Pharaohאֶת פַּרְעֹהkingמֶלֶךְof Egypt,מִצְרַיִםand his servants,וְאֶת עֲבָדָיוand his princes,וְאֶת שָׂרָיוand allוְאֶת כָּלhis people;עַמּוֹ
and allוְאֵת כָּלthe mixed peoples,הָעֶרֶבand allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof the landאֶרֶץof Uz,הָעוּץand allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof the landאֶרֶץof the Philistines,פְּלִשְׁתִּיםand Ashkelon,וְאֶת אַשְׁקְלוֹןand Gaza,וְאֶת עַזָּהand Ekron,וְאֶת עֶקְרוֹןand the remnantוְאֵת שְׁאֵרִיתof Ashdod;אַשְׁדּוֹד
Edom,אֶת אֱדוֹםand Moab,וְאֶת מוֹאָבand the childrenוְאֶת בְּנֵיof Ammon;עַמּוֹן
and allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof Tyre,צֹרand allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof Sidon,צִידוֹןand the kingsוְאֵת מַלְכֵיof the coastlandהָאִיthat isאֲשֶׁרbeyondבְּעֵבֶרthe sea;הַיָּם
and Dedan,וְאֶת דְּדָןand Tema,וְאֶת תֵּימָאand Buz,וְאֶת בּוּזand allוְאֵת כָּלwho are shavedקְצוּצֵיat the temples;פֵאָה
and allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof Arabia,עֲרָבand allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof the mixed peoplesהָעֶרֶבwho dwellהַשֹּׁכְנִיםin the wilderness;בַּמִּדְבָּר
and allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof Zimri,זִמְרִיand allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof Elam,עֵילָםand allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof Media;מָדָי
and allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingsמַלְכֵיof the north,הַצָּפוֹןnearהַקְּרֹבִיםand far,וְהָרְחֹקִיםoneאִישׁafter another,אֶל אָחִיוand allוְאֵת כָּלthe kingdomsהַמַּמְלְכוֹתof the earthהָאָרֶץthat areאֲשֶׁרon the faceעַל פְּנֵיof the ground;הָאֲדָמָהand the kingוּמֶלֶךְof Sheshachשֵׁשַׁךְwill drinkיִשְׁתֶּהafter them.אַחֲרֵיהֶם
“And you shall sayוְאָמַרְתָּto them,אֲלֵיהֶם‘ThusכֹּהsaysאָמַרYHWHיְהוָהTsevaot,צְבָאוֹתthe Elohimאֱלֹהֵיof Israel:יִשְׂרָאֵלDrink,שְׁתוּand get drunk,וְשִׁכְרוּand vomit,וּקְיוּand fallוְנִפְלוּand do notוְלֹאrise,תָקוּמוּbecause ofמִפְּנֵיthe swordהַחֶרֶבthatאֲשֶׁרIאָנֹכִיam sendingשֹׁלֵחַamong you.’בֵּינֵיכֶם
And it will be,וְהָיָהifכִּיthey refuseיְמָאֲנוּto takeלָקַחַתthe cupהַכּוֹסfrom your handמִיָּדְךָto drink,לִשְׁתּוֹתthen you shall sayוְאָמַרְתָּto them,אֲלֵיהֶם‘ThusכֹּהsaysאָמַרYHWHיְהוָהTsevaot:צְבָאוֹתYou shall surelyשָׁתוֹdrink!תִשְׁתּוּ
Forכִּיlook,הִנֵּהin the cityבָעִירover whichאֲשֶׁר עָלֶיהָmy nameשְׁמִיis called,נִקְרָאIאָנֹכִיam beginningמֵחֵלto bring evil;לְהָרַעand you,וְאַתֶּםwill you go entirelyהִנָּקֵהunpunished?תִנָּקוּYou will notלֹאgo unpunished,תִנָּקוּforכִּיa swordחֶרֶבIאֲנִיam summoningקֹרֵאagainst allעַל כָּלthe inhabitantsיֹשְׁבֵיof the earth,הָאָרֶץdeclaresנְאֻםYHWHיְהוָהTsevaot.’צְבָאוֹת
And you,וְאַתָּהprophesyתִּנָּבֵאagainst themאֲלֵיהֶםallאֵת כָּלthese words,הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּהand sayוְאָמַרְתָּto them,אֲלֵיהֶם‘YHWHיְהוָהwill roarיִשְׁאָגfrom on high,מִמָּרוֹםand from his holyוּמִ קָדְשׁוֹdwellingמְּעוֹןhe will utterיִתֵּןhis voice;קוֹלוֹhe will roar mightilyשָׁאֹג יִשְׁאַגagainst his fold;עַל נָוֵהוּa shout,הֵידָדlike those who tread grapes,כְּדֹרְכִיםhe will raiseיַעֲנֶהagainst allאֶל כָּלthe inhabitantsיֹשְׁבֵיof the earth.הָאָרֶץ
The uproarשָׁאוֹןhas comeבָּאto the endעַד קְצֵהof the earth,הָאָרֶץforכִּיYHWHלַיהוָהhas a disputeרִיבwith the nations;בַּגּוֹיִםhe enters into judgmentנִשְׁפָּטwith allהוּא לְכָלflesh;בָּשָׂרthe wickedהָרְשָׁעִיםhe gives upנְתָנָםto the sword,לַחֶרֶבdeclaresנְאֻםYHWH.’יְהוָה
ThusכֹּהsaysאָמַרYHWHיְהוָהTsevaot:צְבָאוֹת“Look,הִנֵּהevilרָעָהis going outיֹצֵאתfrom nationמִגּוֹיto nation,אֶל גּוֹיand a greatגָּדוֹלtempestוְסַעַרis stirred upיֵעוֹרfrom the far reachesמִיַּרְכְּתֵיof the earth.”אָרֶץ
And those slainוְ חַלְלֵיby YHWHיְהוָהwill beהָיוּon that dayבַּיּוֹם הַהוּאfrom one endמִקְצֵהof the earthהָאָרֶץto the other endוְעַד קְצֵהof the earth;הָאָרֶץthey will notלֹאbe lamented,יִסָּפְדוּorוְלֹאgathered,יֵאָסְפוּorוְלֹאburied;יִקָּבֵרוּthey will beיִהְיוּdungלְדֹמֶןon the faceעַל פְּנֵיof the ground.הָאֲדָמָה
Wail,הֵילִילוּyou shepherds,הָרֹעִיםand cry out,וְזַעֲקוּand roll in the dust,וְהִתְפַּלְּשׁוּyou noblesאַדִּירֵיof the flock,הַצֹּאןforכִּיyour daysיְמֵיכֶםfor slaughterלִטְבוֹחַare fulfilled,מָלְאוּand for your scatterings,וּתְפוֹצוֹתִיכֶםand you will fallוּנְפַלְתֶּםlike a preciousחֶמְדָּהvessel.כִּכְלִי
And flightמָנוֹסwill perishוְאָבַדfrom the shepherds,מִן הָרֹעִיםand escapeוּפְלֵיטָהfrom the noblesמֵאַדִּירֵיof the flock.הַצֹּאן
The soundקוֹלof the cryצַעֲקַתof the shepherds,הָרֹעִיםand the wailוִילְלַתof the noblesאַדִּירֵיof the flock!הַצֹּאןForכִּיYHWHיְהוָהis devastatingשֹׁדֵדtheir pasture,אֶת מַרְעִיתָם
and the peacefulהַשָּׁלוֹםpasturesנְאוֹתare silencedוְנָדַמּוּbeforeמִפְּנֵיthe burningחֲרוֹןangerאַףof YHWH.יְהוָה
Like a young lionכַּכְּפִירhe has leftעָזַבhis lair;סֻכּוֹforכִּיtheir landאַרְצָםhas becomeהָיְתָהa horrorלְשַׁמָּהbeforeמִפְּנֵיthe burningחֲרוֹןof the oppressor,הַיּוֹנָהand beforeוּמִפְּנֵיhis burningחֲרוֹןanger.אַפּוֹ